The economic development of Inner Mongolia from the Qing Dynasty to the Republican pe-riod has consistently drawn scholarly attention.Key areas of focus include the Northern Trade Route,travel-ing merchants to Mongolia,and the accompanying urbanization of Inner Mongolia,with silver flow patterns emerging as a particularly prominent research topic.Previous academic studies on Inner Mongolian agricul-ture have primarily concentrated on the Ikh Chao League,Ulanqab League,and the region around the Tumed of Gui Sui.Research on agricultural development in eastern Inner Mongolian regions-including Jirim,Zhuosotu,Juu Uda,and Xilingol Leagues-has largely focused on land reclamation policies and agriculture's social impact on eastern Mongolia.However,detailed analyses of agricultural production factors in these re-gions remain relatively scarce.This paper draws upon extensive Japanese survey documentation of Mongo-lian regions from the early 20th century.Through these primary sources,it conducts a microscopic analysis of agricultural production factors in eastern Inner Mongolia during this period.The study examines the com-position of production elements,agricultural implements,and production processes,revealing both the level of agricultural development and risk resistance capabilities.Furthermore,it explores how agricultural produc-tion capacity in eastern Inner Mongolia during the late Qing and early Republican period contributed to alle-viating population-land tensions within the Great Wall region.
four leagues of Eastern Inner Mongoliaagricultural production factorsproduction pro-cessagricultural risk
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