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坝上地区防护林结构对空气颗粒物浓度的影响

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农田土壤风蚀扬尘使大量颗粒物释放到空气中，导致严重的空气污染。本研究综合利用野外调查与半固定监测的方法，通过测定紧密结构(5667 株·hm-2)、疏透结构(3000株·hm-2)和通风结构(950 株·hm-2)三种防护林前后不同部位的风速和颗粒物浓度，计算防风效应和颗粒物削减率，分析不同结构防护林带的防风效果，探究防护林对颗粒物的削减率及其影响因素，以期优化防护林带的结构参数，加强防护林带对PM1、PM2。5、PM10等颗粒物的阻滞功能。结果表明:(1)防护林带1m高处防风效应表现为疏透结构(37。95%)>紧密结构(32。61%)>通风结构(25。67%)，2m处防风效应为疏透结构(49。66%)>通风结构(19。64%)>紧密结构(19。38%)。(2)紧密结构林带对PM2。5 削减率最大，为-22。5%，疏透结构林带和通风结构林带对PM1削减率最大，分别为-41。36%和-18。06%。(3)气象因子对 PM10 浓度影响最大，林带后 PM2。5 浓度与风速呈极显著正相关关系(P<0。01)。
Effect of Shelterbelt Structure on Particulate Matter Concentration in Bashang Area
Wind erosion and dust in farmland soil release a large amount of PM1,PM2.5 and PM10 into the air,leading to serious air pollution.In this study,a combination of field investigation and semi-fixed monitoring methods were used to measure wind speed and particulate matter concentration at different locations before and after three kinds of shelterbelts,namely tight structure(5667plant·ha-1),transparent structure(3000plant·ha-1)and ventilation structure(950plant·ha-1).The wind-proof effect and particle reduction rate were calculated,the wind-proof effect of different structure shelterbelts was analyzed,and the particle reduction rate of shelterbelts and its influencing factors were explored.In order to optimize the structural parameters of the shelterbelt and strengthen the retarding function of the shelterbelt to PM1,PM2.5,PM10 and other particles.The results showed that:(1)the wind protection effect at 1m height of the shelterbelt was:transparent structure shelterbelt(37.95%)>tight structure shelterbelt(32.61%)>ventilation structure shelterbelt(25.67%).The wind protection effect at 2m height of the shelterbelt was:transparent structure shelterbelt(49.66%)>ventilation structure shelterbelt(19.64%)>tight structure shelterbelt(19.38%).(2)The reduction rate of PM2.5 in tight structure shelterbelt was-22.5%,and the reduction rate of PM1 in transparent structure shelterbelt and ventilation structure shelterbelt was-41.36%and-18.06%,respectively.(3)Meteorological factors had the greatest influence on PM10 concentration,and there was a significant positive correlation between PM2.5 concentration and wind speed behind the forest belt(P<0.01).

ShelterbeltStructureWindproof efficiencyParticulate concentration

闫冰、崔悦、范明远、李治学、孙立博、常晓敏

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山西农业大学林学院,晋中 030801

山西大学黄土高原研究所,太原 030000

防护林带 结构 防风效应 颗粒物浓度

国家自然科学基金青年基金项目山西省基础研究计划自由探索类项目山西省基础研究计划自由探索类项目山西农业大学博士科研启动项目山西省博士毕业生、博士后研究人员来晋工作奖励经费科研项目

322016302022030212124292022030212220142021BQ105SXBYKY2022052

2024

10.3969/j.issn.1000-6362.2024.10.003

中国农业气象
中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所

中国农业气象

CSTPCD
影响因子：1.679
ISSN：1000-6362
年,卷(期)：2024.45(10)