首页|生态产品的概念、分类及其市场化供给机制

生态产品的概念、分类及其市场化供给机制

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生态产品是指维持生命支持系统、保障生态调节功能、提供环境舒适性的自然要素.物质产品、文化产品和生态产品是支撑现代人类生存和发展的三类产品.生态产品的生产是一种专业性的社会生产活动,要充分认识到生态要素本身所具有的价值以及为了生产生态产品所必需的投入.生态产品可以具体分为全国性、区域或流域性、社区性公共生态产品和“私人”生态产品.生态产品的市场化供给方式主要包括:①直接市场的经济交易.通过生态产品的产权界定,可以将其转变成私人产品,并通过直接市场的经济交易实现供给,例如碳排放权交易、排污权交易、水权交易、林权交易等.②生态资本产业化经营.生态产品是一种能够带来经济和社会效益的生态资源,即是一种生态资本,尤其是能够提供环境舒适性的自然生态系统.生态资本产业化经营是实现生态产品价值的现实手段,合同外包和特许经营等都是一种常用的产业化经营方式.③生态购买.是指政府部门与市场主体签订合同或协议后,由后者生产某方面的生态产品,政府来负责监督合同的履行,并向后者支付费用,它是通过政府购买的形式购买市场主体生产的生态产品.为了保障生态产品市场化供给的有效运行,政府应完善与其相对应的法律体系和制度安排,具体包括:明确生态产权并降低交易费用;合理构建各相关主体的利益关系;建立各个层次的生态产品市场交易体系;对生态产品的市场供给进行有效监督等.
Concept, Classification and Market Supply Mechanism of Ecological Products
Ecological products are natural elements that can sustain life-supporting systems,guarantee ecological regulating function and provide comfortable environment.Material products,culture products and ecological products are three types of products supporting modern human life.Eco-products' production is a professional and social production activity,requires fully understanding the value of ecological element itself and the necessary inputs to produce it.Ecological products can be divided into national,regional or basin,community-based public ecological products and "private" ecological products.Ecological products' market supply methods mainly include:(1) Direct marketing economic transactions.Through definition of ecological products' property rights,ecological products can be transformed into private goods,and realize supplies through direct marketing economic transactions,such as carbon emissions trading,emissions trading,water right trading,forest rights trading and so on.(2) Ecological capital industrial operation.Ecological product is a kind of ecological resources that can bring economic and social benefits,that is,a kind of ecological capital,especially for natural ecosystem that can provide comfortable environment.Ecological capital industrialized operation is a practical way to realize the ecological value of ecological product.Outsourcing and franchising contracts are common ways of industrial management.(3) Ecological purchase.It refers to government department signs a contract or agreement with one market body; the latter produces ecological products in certain areas,while the government supervises the performance of the contract implementation,and pay to the latter (contractor).It is a form to buy ecological products produced by the market body through government procurement.In order to ensure the effective operation of ecological products' marketing supply,the government should equip and improve corresponding legal system and institutional arrangement,including:clear definition of ecological property and reduction transaction cost,building reasonable relationship among all parties and relevant subjects,establishing various level of ecological products' market trading system,and supervision of ecological products supply market effectively and so on.

ecological productsmarketsupply mechanism

曾贤刚、虞慧怡、谢芳

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中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872

生态产品 市场 供给机制

国家社会科学基金重大项目清华大学中国农村研究院研究课题

13&ZD045CIRS2013-X

2014

中国人口·资源与环境
中国可持续发展研究会 山东省可持续发展中心 中国21世纪议程管理中心 山东师范大学

中国人口·资源与环境

CSTPCDCSSCICSCD北大核心
影响因子:3.126
ISSN:1002-2104
年,卷(期):2014.24(7)
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