Concept, Classification and Market Supply Mechanism of Ecological Products
Ecological products are natural elements that can sustain life-supporting systems,guarantee ecological regulating function and provide comfortable environment.Material products,culture products and ecological products are three types of products supporting modern human life.Eco-products' production is a professional and social production activity,requires fully understanding the value of ecological element itself and the necessary inputs to produce it.Ecological products can be divided into national,regional or basin,community-based public ecological products and "private" ecological products.Ecological products' market supply methods mainly include:(1) Direct marketing economic transactions.Through definition of ecological products' property rights,ecological products can be transformed into private goods,and realize supplies through direct marketing economic transactions,such as carbon emissions trading,emissions trading,water right trading,forest rights trading and so on.(2) Ecological capital industrial operation.Ecological product is a kind of ecological resources that can bring economic and social benefits,that is,a kind of ecological capital,especially for natural ecosystem that can provide comfortable environment.Ecological capital industrialized operation is a practical way to realize the ecological value of ecological product.Outsourcing and franchising contracts are common ways of industrial management.(3) Ecological purchase.It refers to government department signs a contract or agreement with one market body; the latter produces ecological products in certain areas,while the government supervises the performance of the contract implementation,and pay to the latter (contractor).It is a form to buy ecological products produced by the market body through government procurement.In order to ensure the effective operation of ecological products' marketing supply,the government should equip and improve corresponding legal system and institutional arrangement,including:clear definition of ecological property and reduction transaction cost,building reasonable relationship among all parties and relevant subjects,establishing various level of ecological products' market trading system,and supervision of ecological products supply market effectively and so on.