Structural characteristics of the Belt and Road environmental goods trade network and its evolutionary mechanisms
Strengthening cooperation in the trade of environmental goods is an important way to promote green development.Based on the perspective of social network analysis,this study used the trade data of 54 kinds of environmental goods in the countries that joined the Belt and Road Initiative from 2000 to 2020 to construct an environmental goods trade network.Temporal exponential random graph models(TERGM)were used to explore the structural characteristics of this regional environmental goods trade network and its evolution mecha-nisms.It was found that:① In the sample period,the density and average clustering coefficient of the Belt and Road environmental goods trade network were generally on the rise,the average path length was shrinking,and the network diameter was shorter.However,the value of the network characteristics index in 2020 was significantly reduced due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.② Within the sample range,Italy,China,South Korea,and Singapore ranked at the forefront in the nodal outdegree and nodal indegree,playing the role of'bridge'or'hub'in the trade network.China came from behind to become the country with the highest nodal outdegree and nodal inde-gree,leading the development of regional trade in environmental goods.③ Europe and Asia were the two regions with the most intensive trade cooperation in the Belt and Road environmental goods trade network.African and Latin American countries joining the Belt and Road Initiative had fewer environmental goods trade relationships,and the number of import relationships was significantly higher than that of export relationships from outside the continents.④ The TERGM analysis showed that the Belt and Road environmental goods trade network had characteristics of reciprocity,connectivity,stability,and variability.Industrial added value,degree of economic freedom,and green innovation had sender effects and receiver effects,and GDP per capita and environmental regulation had sender effects.Geographi-cal distance was not conducive to the formation of environmental goods trade cooperation.⑤ The formation and evolution of trade networks for environmental protection products,renewable energy products,and devices for environmental monitoring,analysis,and assessment were heterogeneous.Accordingly,countermeasures and suggestions for expanding environmental goods trade relationships under the Belt and Road Initiative are proposed from the perspectives of leading regional green and low-carbon development,deepening cooperation of the environmental protection industry according to local conditions,and accelerating the transformation and upgrading of the environmen-tal protection industry.
Belt and Road Initiativeenvironmental goods trade networkTERGMtrade cooperation
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