首页|中央环保督察的制度逻辑、反馈机制与中国式环境治理现代化——基于权力、责任与信息三维建构的解释框架

中央环保督察的制度逻辑、反馈机制与中国式环境治理现代化——基于权力、责任与信息三维建构的解释框架

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中央生态环境保护督察制度是生态文明建设和体制改革的重大制度创新.经过多年实践探索和发展完善,已逐步形成相对独立的制度逻辑.创新的实践成果需要创新的理论解释.结合文本分析和田野调查,研究提出了基于权力、责任与信息三维建构的解释框架,研究发现:①中央环保督察制度已形成了由自上而下的权力控制、自下而上的责任反馈和去中心化的信息聚合等三大机制构成的制度运行逻辑体系.②在制度运行的逻辑体系中,中央环保督察制度内部形成了两条相互促进、相互制约的正向和负向反馈机制:正反馈机制以权力控制为出发点,中央权力调整地方政府的环境治理结构,通过信息聚合,提升制度和权力主体的合法性,实现有效治理;负反馈机制以责任反馈为出发点,地方政府落实的治理责任受到政治与行政压力过大,会产生"虚假整改"等无效治理现象;通过信息聚合,无效治理现象能够弱化制度和权力主体的合法性;由于负反馈机制的存在,正反馈机制不能脱离负反馈机制的影响而产生对权力控制的路径依赖.此外,因为负反馈机制再次被整合于正反馈机制的运行过程,所以不影响正反馈机制产生制度有效性.③从中国式环境治理现代化的制度路径和价值目标关系角度看,国家环境治理体系不再以有效性与合法性的时空分离为前提.相对于"以有效性累积合法性"的一般路径,具备正反馈和负反馈机制的督察制度开创了合法性与有效性"同置"的新路径,提升了制度认同性和稳定性,丰富了中国式环境治理现代化的权力制约监督模式;中央环保督察的制度逻辑体现了生态、民生福祉与高质量发展的一致性,更加契合新时代中国式环境治理现代化的内在需求;就中央环保督察制度的地位和功能而言,它已经成为实现中国式环境治理现代化的重要制度手段.
Institutional logic and feedback mechanisms of China's central inspection on ecologi-cal and environmental protection and the Chinese-style modernization of environ-mental governance:an explanatory framework based on the three-dimensional con-structs of po
The central inspection on ecological and environmental protection(CIEEP)is a significant institutional innovation in the de-velopment of ecological civilization and institutional reform personally planned,deployed,and promoted by General Secretary Xi Jin-ping.The CIEEP has progressively developed independent institutional logics after years of practice,development,and improvement.As new practice necessitates new theoretical justifications,this article proposes an interpretive framework combining textual analysis and fieldwork and based on the three-dimensional constructs of power,responsibility,and information.The results show that:① The CIEEP has developed institutional logics made up of three main mechanisms:top-down power regulation,bottom-up responsibility feed-back,and decentralized information aggregation.② The CIEEP has formed two mutually reinforcing and mutually constraining positive and negative feedback mechanisms in institutional logics.Positive feedback mechanisms take power control as their starting point.The central government's power adjusts the environmental governance structure of local governments,and through information aggregation,it enhances the legitimacy of the institution and the subject of power to achieve effective governance.Negative feedback mechanisms take responsibility feedback as their starting point.Local governments are subject to excessive political and administrative pressure to implement governance responsibilities,which can lead to ineffective governance phenomena such as'false rectification.'Through infor-mation aggregation,the ineffective governance phenomenon can weaken the legitimacy of the institution and the subject of power.Due to the existence of negative feedback mechanisms,positive feedback mechanisms cannot be separated from their influence and create a path dependence on power control.Moreover,because negative feedback mechanisms are again integrated into the operation of positive feedback mechanisms,they fail to influence positive feedback mechanisms to produce institutional effectiveness.③ From the perspec-tive of the relationship between the institutional path and value goals of a Chinese path to environmental governance modernization,the national environmental governance system is no longer premised on the temporal and spatial separation of effectiveness and legitimacy.Compared with the general path of'accumulating legitimacy with effectiveness,'the CIEEP with positive and negative feedback mecha-nisms creates a new path of'co-location'of legitimacy and effectiveness,which enhances the institution's identity and stability and en-riches the power restriction and supervision modes of a Chinese path to environmental governance modernization.The institutional log-ics of the CIEEP reflect the consistency between ecological and livelihood well-being and high-quality development and are more in line with the intrinsic needs of a Chinese path to environmental governance modernization in the new era.As far as the status and func-tion of the CIEEP are concerned,it has become an important institutional tool to realize a Chinese path to environmental governance modernization.

central inspection on ecological and environmental protection(CIEEP)institutional logicfeedback mechanismgover-nance modernization

董兆鑫、王书明

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中国海洋大学国际事务与公共管理学院,山东 青岛 266100

环保督察 制度逻辑 反馈机制 治理现代化

教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目

22YJA840012

2024

中国人口·资源与环境
中国可持续发展研究会 山东省可持续发展中心 中国21世纪议程管理中心 山东师范大学

中国人口·资源与环境

CSTPCDCSSCI北大核心
影响因子:3.126
ISSN:1002-2104
年,卷(期):2024.34(3)
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