Inherent flaws,deep-rooted conflicts,and synergistic international governance of carbon tariffs from a carbon equity perspective
The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM)proposed by the European Union(EU),commonly known as the'car-bon tariff,'is a prominent issue in international governance and has received significant social attention.The EU has completed CBAM legislation and begun concrete implementation.The United Kingdom and United States have proposed similar bills,and the G7 coun-tries have collaborated to lead the establishment of the International Climate Club,which has exhibited trends of legalization,institu-tionalization,and internationalization.Recently,numerous studies on CBAM have emerged in China,mostly focusing on its direct eco-nomic impacts.However,there has been insufficient understanding of the political impacts,a lack of analysis of the logic and inherent flaws of CBAM from a carbon equity perspective,and relatively weak research on synergistic international governance to address the is-sue.This paper attempts to carry out research on CBAM from the carbon equity perspective,with the following main conclusions:① The development history of CBAM in the international climate governance process can be divided into four stages:theoretical fore-sight,brewing and preparation,pilot obstruction,and legislative implementation.This process has demonstrated a trajectory from con-cept to policy and then to implementation,presenting the characteristics of continuous legalization,institutionalization,and internation-alization.② The EU's logical starting point for the implementation of CBAM lies in carbon leakage.Clarifying the connotation of car-bon leakage helps reveal the CBAM's inherent flaws.According to the main conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)assessment reports,the basic consensus of the international academic community on carbon leakage is that there is no evidence that significant carbon leakage exists,and carbon tariffs are ineffective in reducing it.③ The CBAM has impacts extending be-yond economic aspects,and more importantly,it has had multiple impacts on existing international climate governance in terms of con-cepts,principles,methods,and objectives.The deep-rooted cause of the CBAM lies in the fragmentation of the international climate gov-ernance and international economic and trade governance systems,as well as the conflicting perception of equity among all parties.④ To resolve the conflicts of CBAM,it is necessary to strengthen international synergistic governance from a carbon equity perspective.Possible strategies include:enhancing dialogue and exchange of the concept of equity among countries considering the new global devel-opment challenges;strengthening communication and coordination between international climate governance and international econom-ic and trade governance with the UNFCCC as the main platform;initiating substantive negotiations on carbon tariffs under the UN-FCCC;and promoting global value chain development through international cooperation.
CBAMcarbon tariffcarbon leakagecarbon equitysynergistic international governance
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