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政府补助对新能源汽车产业创新结构的影响

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  • 国家科技期刊平台
  • NETL
  • NSTL
  • 万方数据
创新结构失衡是现今制约新能源汽车产业高质量发展的主要瓶颈。政府补助是政府部门推动新能源汽车产业快速发展的重要政策工具，但是对新能源汽车产业内部创新结构影响的研究还十分匮乏。该研究在对政府补助影响新能源汽车产业创新结构进行理论分析的基础上，借助2010-2020年新能源汽车产业285家沪深A股上市企业数据，实证检验了政府补助对新能源汽车产业创新质量结构与创新行业结构的影响。研究发现:①政府补助显著增加了新能源汽车产业的创新产出，且对新能源汽车产业创新结构存在质量和行业的双重影响。创新质量结构影响呈现U型"分层"效应，创新行业结构影响存在产业链差异化效应。政府补助对创新产出的正向促进作用呈现出产业链下游整车企业>上游原材料企业>中游零部件企业的效果;政府补助对创新质量结构的U型"分层"效应仅体现在产业链上游与下游企业，且下游企业的拐点值显著高于上游企业，政府补助对中游企业的创新质量结构优化呈线性促进作用。②机制分析发现，产业链下游企业政府补助的资源补偿效应与信号传递效应显著优于中游与上游企业。③拓展分析发现，产业链上、下游企业的政府补助对中游企业创新产出存在负向溢出效应，下游企业政府补助对中游企业创新产出的负向溢出效应显著高于上游企业。该研究为实现新能源汽车产业创新能力的可持续提升提供了政策启示:一方面，政府部门应继续对新能源汽车产业整体加大补助力度;另一方面，政府部门应更多地将补助配置给上游的原材料企业与中游的零部件企业，同时逐步降低对下游整车企业的补助力度。
Impact of government subsidies on the innovation structure of China's new energy vehicle industry
The imbalance in the innovation structure is the main constraint on the high-quality development of the new energy vehicle industry(NEVI).Government subsidies are important policy tools for government departments to promote the rapid development of the NEVI,but there is still a lack of relevant research on their impact on the internal innovation structure of the NEVI.Based on the theoret-ical analysis of the impact of government subsidies on the innovation structure of the NEVI,this paper empirically tested the impact of government subsidies on the innovation quality structure and innovation industry structure of the NEVI with the micro-data of 285 listed enterprises in China's NEVI from 2010 to 2020.The research findings were as follows:① Government subsidies significantly increased the innovation output of the NEVI,and there were dual impacts on innovation structure in terms of quality and industry.The impact of innovation quality structure presented a U-shaped'stratification'effect,and the impact of innovation industry structure presented an industrial chain differentiation effect.The positive promotion effect of government subsidies on innovation output showed an effect of downstream vehicle enterprises>upstream raw material enterprises>midstream parts enterprises of the industrial chain.The U-shaped'stratification'effect of government subsidies on innovation quality structure was only reflected in upstream and downstream en-terprises of the industrial chain,and the inflection point value of the downstream enterprises was significantly higher than that of the up-stream ones.Government subsidies had a linear promoting effect on the optimization of the innovation quality structure of midstream en-terprises.② Mechanism analysis found that the resource compensation effect and signal transmission effect of government subsidies of downstream enterprises were significantly better than those of midstream and upstream ones.③ Expansion analysis found that govern-ment subsidies of upstream and downstream enterprises of the industrial chain had a negative spillover effect on the innovation output of midstream ones,and the negative spillover effect of government subsidies of downstream enterprises on the innovation output of mid-stream ones was significantly stronger than that of upstream ones.This study provides policy implications for the sustainable improve-ment of the innovation ability of the NEVI:On the one hand,government departments should continue to increase subsidies for the over-all NEVI;on the other hand,government departments should allocate more subsidies to upstream raw material enterprises and mid-stream parts enterprises and gradually reduce subsidies for downstream vehicle enterprises.

new energy vehicle industry(NEVI)government subsidyinnovation quality structureinnovation industry structurein-dustry chain

张明志、王新培、余东华

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山东财经大学经济学院,山东 济南 250014

山东财经大学人口与经济发展研究所,山东 济南 250014

山东大学经济学院,山东 济南 250100

新能源汽车产业 政府补助 创新质量结构 创新行业结构 产业链

国家社会科学基金国家社会科学基金重大招标项目山东省自然科学基金青年基金山东省高等学校青年创新团队项目山东省社会科学规划重点项目山东省人文社会科学规划研究一般项目

22VRC10722&ZD102ZR2022QG0052022RW04523BJJJ052023-ESDZ-061

2024

10.12062/cpre.20240309

中国人口·资源与环境
中国可持续发展研究会 山东省可持续发展中心 中国21世纪议程管理中心 山东师范大学

中国人口·资源与环境

CSTPCDCSSCI北大核心
影响因子：3.126
ISSN：1002-2104
年,卷(期)：2024.34(7)