How does the'Blue Sky Defense War'affect the synergy of pollution control and car-bon reduction?
The Three-year Action Plan to Fight Air Pollution(hereinafter referred to as the'Blue Sky Defense War')implemented in 2018 proposed'synergistic control of pollutants and greenhouse gases'among the policy goals for the first time.However,there is scant literature exploring the synergistic control effect of this policy on pollution control and carbon reduction.Utilizing data from 265 prefec-ture-level cities in China from 2015 to 2021,this study first constructed coordination degree indexes for pollution control and carbon re-duction and then used the difference-in-differences model to examine the impact of the'Blue Sky Defense War'on the synergy of pollu-tion control and carbon reduction,along with its heterogeneity across different types of resource-based cities.Finally,the analysis of pol-icy mechanisms was conducted in four dimensions:industrial structure,energy structure,transportation structure,and land use struc-ture.The results showed that:① The'Blue Sky Defense War'significantly improved the synergy of'PM2.5-O3,''smoke dust(SD)-CO2,'and'NOX-CO2,'but not'SO2-CO2,'indicating a low linkage between SO2 and CO2 emission reductions.This conclusion was al-so reflected in non-resource-based cities,while only the synergy of'PM2.5-O3'significantly improved in resource-based cities.② The primary transmission mechanism for achieving the'Blue Sky Defense War'policy effects was energy structure adjustment,with non-re-source-based cities demonstrating relatively greater energy structure optimization.However,industrial,transportation,and land use structures were not effective transmission mechanisms for enhancing the synergy of pollution control and carbon reduction,and the slow adjustment process of industrial and transportation structures in resource-based cities was a possible cause.③ Extended analysis showed that the'Blue Sky Defense War'also had significant unilateral effects on pollution control and carbon reduction,although such unilateral assessments were complex in reflecting the direction of pollutants and greenhouse gas reduction.In addition,the'Blue Sky Defense War'also significantly improved the air quality index and the number of temperature inversion days,effectively promoting the dual management of environmental pollution and climate change.Based on these findings,it is proposed that the coordination degree in-dexes of pollution control and carbon reduction be incorporated as a basis for environmental policy effect assessments and that industri-al,transportation,and land use structures be further strengthened,with more targeted policies formulated based on the resource types of cities to continue fighting the'Blue sky Defense War.'
Blue Sky Defense Warsynergy of pollution control and carbon reductiondifference-in-differences model
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