产业随人才走:异质性人才集聚影响区域产业格局的微观机制
Industries following talent:micro-mechanisms of heterogeneous talent agglomeration affecting regional industrial patterns
凌英凯 1王君慧 2古恒宇 3沈体雁1
作者信息
- 1. 北京大学政府管理学院,北京 100871
- 2. 河北工业大学经济管理学院,天津 300401
- 3. 南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,江苏 南京 210023
- 折叠
摘要
人才的空间分布格局塑造了产业空间格局,"产业随人才走"成为新趋势新现象.但对产业集聚和人才集聚的因果逻辑未能形成统一的分析框架,二者相互作用的微观机制仍然是一个理论"黑箱".该研究基于新经济地理学中的自由企业家模型进行拓展,放松人才和企业同步流动的强假设,纳入新空间经济学的地方品质驱动效应以及人才异质性,建立一般性的空间均衡分析框架,探讨了异质性人才集聚的相互作用及其对产业集聚影响的微观机制.结果表明:低技能人才总是比高技能人才更容易产生集聚激励,是引发和维持制造业产业集聚的先驱力.当贸易成本较高时,低技能人才集聚会对高技能人才产生挤出效应,从而弱化产业集聚格局;在贸易成本较低时,低技能人才集聚会对高技能人才产生引致效应,从而强化产业集聚格局.由于异质性人才面临的集聚门槛不同以及二者分布的相互影响,经济体中并非一定形成对称均衡和核心-边缘结构,也会出现低技能人才集聚、高技能人才分散、产业分散分布的内点均衡.人才的类型分布异质性对于区域产业格局是一种分散力,人才的效率异质性对于区域产业格局是一种集聚力.建议地方政府重视人才先行,以才引产,因地制宜制定不同层次人才引进战略,着力推进贸易一体化建设,降低企业贸易成本.此外,政府应当重视和完善面向低层次人才和普通劳动者的人力资本增长渠道建设.
Abstract
The spatial distribution of talent is crucial in shaping the spatial patterns of industries.'Industries following talent'has emerged as a new trend.However,a unified analytical framework for the causal logic between industrial and talent agglomeration is still lacking,and the micro-level mechanisms of their interaction remain theoretically unexplored.This paper extends the footloose entrepre-neur(FE)model in new economic geography by relaxing the strong assumption of simultaneous mobility of talent and firms.It incorpo-rates the driving mechanism of local quality in new spatial economics and the heterogeneity of talent.By establishing a general spatial equilibrium analytical framework,this paper explores the interactions of heterogeneous talent agglomeration and its micro-level mecha-nisms affecting industrial agglomeration.The conclusions are as follows:low-skilled talent is more likely to generate agglomeration in-centives than high-skilled talent and serves as a precursor for initiating and sustaining the agglomeration of manufacturing industries;when trade costs are high,the agglomeration of low-skilled talent exerts a crowding-out effect on high-skilled talent and weakens the in-dustrial agglomeration pattern;conversely,when trade costs are low,low-skilled talent exerts an inducement effect on high-skilled talent and strengthens the industrial agglomeration pattern;due to the differing agglomeration thresholds faced by heterogeneous talent and their interdependent distribution,the economy does not necessarily form symmetric equilibria and core-periphery structures;instead,it may result in interior equilibria characterized by the agglomeration of low-skilled talent and the dispersion of high-skilled talent,and the scattered distribution of industries;the heterogeneity in the type distribution of talent acts as a dispersive force on regional industri-al patterns,while the efficiency heterogeneity of talent acts as an agglomerative force.It is recommended that local governments priori-tize talent first,attract industries through talent,and formulate strategies for talent introduction tailored to local conditions.Additional-ly,they should focus on promoting trade integration to reduce trade costs for enterprises.Furthermore,the government should enhance and improve human capital growth channels for lower-tier talent and ordinary workers.
关键词
人才集聚/异质性/产业格局/贸易成本/新经济地理学Key words
talent aggregation/heterogeneity/industrial distribution/trading cost/new economic geography引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家自然科学基金青年基金(42301278)
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(23YJC790032)
中国科协青年人才托举工程项目(2023QNRC001)
出版年
2024
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据