道德知识何以可能——以朱熹、王阳明"格物致知"说为基础
How Can Moral Knowledge Be Possible?On Zhu Xi's and Wang Yangming's Theories of Obtaining Knowledge by Investigating Things
郭清香1
作者信息
摘要
道德知识的可能性问题是伦理学的基本问题之一.本文试从朱熹和王阳明"格物致知"说来回应西方元伦理学关于道德知识的诸多问题.在朱熹看来,格物致知是将外在的物理、事理与伦理与人内在的本性之理互相启发、映照从而获得完备的道德知识的过程.王阳明质疑朱熹合内外之理的可能性,试图从根本上合心与理为一,将获得道德知识的方法归于内求,把知识的可能性归诸天理,但获得真知的可靠途径则是知行合一.朱熹和王阳明的格物致知说给出了道德知识可能性问题的一种解决方案:确立以天理作为道德知识根基的道德实在论的立场,将道德事实和道德价值、伦理与物理打通,通过知行合一的道德实践保证道德知识的可能性.
Abstract
The possibility of having moral knowledge is one of the meta-problems of ethics.This ar-ticle tries to answer the questions on moral knowledge in studying the theories of obtaining knowl-edge by investigating things raised by Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming.According to Zhu Xi,the knowledge obtained in the process of learning belongs to the kind of thorough moral knowledge in the process of enlightening and reflecting principles between things,principles through action,prin-ciples of human relation,and the human nature.Wang Yangming questions the possibility of uni-ting the internal and external principles,and thinks that the reliable way to obtain true knowledge is to unite knowledge and practice,to put mind and principle together,to seek moral knowledge in-ternally,and to attribute the possibility of having knowledge to the Heavenly Principle.These two theories expressed with the same words by Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming offer a solution to the prac-ticability of moral knowledge establishing a stance of moral realism that sets the Heavenly Principle as the basis for moral knowledge.It combines the perceptions of moral facts and moral value and the concepts of principles regarding human relation and principles between things,and guarantees the possibility of having moral knowledge in uniting knowledge and practice.
关键词
朱熹/王阳明/道德知识/格物致知/知行合一Key words
Zhu Xi/Wang Yangming/Moral knowledge/Obtaining knowledge by investigating things/Uniting knowledge and practice引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社会科学基金重点项目(21AZX014)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据