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刑法解释的价值判断

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价值判断是刑法解释的最高要求,也是实现刑事司法高质量发展的核心.我国刑法解释中价值判断存在双重困境,规范性刑法解释存在循环论证、说理不足现象,而作为适用性刑法解释主体的法官,则在价值判断上担当不够、能力不足.传统刑法解释学陷入主观、客观的二元对立,与当前我国解释实践上"合法又合理"的目标定位存在裂缝,需要借鉴哲学的理论实现现代转型,在确保主客观性的前提下追求价值判断论证的主体间性.刑法解释借由专业化与公共性论证以实现价值判断的完整性,这涉及刑法解释中价值判断的体系化标准建构和法理遵循,前者要求明确价值判断的内在与外在标准,建构不同标准冲突的解决规则,重视"法外入罪禁止与法外出罪允许"的实践意义;后者涉及逻辑推理与道理论证、积极判断与消极判断、形式理性与实质理性三重视角,并需从规范导向、个案推动、反向排除、宪法引领四个向度展开.
Value Judgments in Criminal Law Interpretation
Criminal law interpretation relies heavily on value judgments,and this is at the heart of the development of a high-quality criminal justice system.China's interpretation of criminal law is subject to a double dilemma in terms of value judgments.In the interpretation of normative criminal law,one sees the phenomenon of circular argumentation and a lack of reasoning.As the interpreters of applicable criminal law,judges fail to assume the role of issuing value judgments;they do not have sufficient ability.The traditional hermeneutics of criminal law is deeply rooted in the binary opposition of subjectivity and objectivity,which creates a rupture with China's present interpretative goal of"legitimacy and reason."To comprehend the modern transformation of the traditional hermeneutics of criminal law,it is essential to draw on philosophical theory and to pursue the intersubjectivity of value judgment arguments based on the premise that subjectivity is aligned with objectivity.Criminal law interpretation relies on professional and public demonstration to ensure the integrity of the value judgment,and this involves constructing systematic standards and adhering to legal value judgment principles.The former requires clarifying internal and external standards of value judgment,constructing rules to resolve conflicts between different standards and paying attention to the practical significance of"prohibiting extrajudicial conviction and allowing extrajudicial exemption."The latter involves the three perspectives of logical reasoning and principled rationality,positive and negative judgments,and formal and substantive rationality.It needs to be developed from four dimensions:normative orientation,drive by individual cases,reverse exclusion and constitutional guidance.

姜涛

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华东政法大学刑事法学院(上海201620)

刑法解释 价值判断 刑法法理 主体间性 罪刑法定原则

2023

中国社会科学
中国社会科学院

中国社会科学

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:5.644
ISSN:1002-4921
年,卷(期):2023.(7)
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