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中国思想:概念语言的经验模型

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理解古典中国思想,首先要理解中国古人表达思想的概念语言.但中国哲学的概念研究通常只关心"天""道"之类的抽象术语,这是将概念语言限定在抽象语言的范畴,以为只有从抽象表达中才能洞见思想的哲学性.实际上,中国古人更倾向以描述具体经验的方式运用其概念语言,其典型如文献所见,许多描述身体、时空与运动的经验词汇,可以超出其日常语义,被挪用于说明精神、政治、人伦、价值等领域的问题.这种说理策略即中国古人推崇的"能近取譬",实质则是以特定经验素材为模型,构造表达思想的概念语言.
Chinese Thought:An Empirical Model of Conceptual Language
The first step in understanding classical Chinese thought is to understand the conceptual language by which ancient Chinese expressed their ideas.However,studies on the concepts of Chinese philosophy usually focus on such abstract terms as"Heaven"and"Dao."This confines conceptual language to an abstract category,suggesting that abstract expressions are the only way to gain an insight into the philosophical nature of thought.In fact,ancient Chinese preferred to draw on conceptual language by describing concrete experience.As the literature shows,many empirical words describing the body,time and space,and movement go beyond their ordinary meaning,being diverted into the explanation of problems in the fields of the spirit,politics,human relations and values.Such a reasoning strategy is nengjin qupi(drawing analogies from oneself)advocated by the ancient Chinese.In essence,this involved constructing a conceptual language of that expressed ideas based on the model of given materials of experience.

李巍

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武汉大学哲学学院(武汉 430072)

语言 经验 概念 理解

2023

中国社会科学
中国社会科学院

中国社会科学

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:5.644
ISSN:1002-4921
年,卷(期):2023.(10)
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