首页|低覆盖治沙理论下人工与自然耦合的植被修复机理综述

低覆盖治沙理论下人工与自然耦合的植被修复机理综述

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低覆盖度治沙理论的核心是乔灌木覆盖度控制在15％～25％,内涵是疏林、疏灌的格局演变,外延是格局演变的风沙物理、近地层水文、小气候、界面生态以及人工治理与自然植被修复的耦合作用等多项机理.在分析了风沙物理与水文机理的基础上,进一步明确了植被修复机理:(1)低覆盖度治沙优化组合了边行优势和界面生态机理,优化的带间距使得自然修复的物种数量增加2～5倍;(2)人工治理与自然修复能够形成耦合作用,优化的带间距使得土壤、植被与微生物的修复速度加快19％～27％;(3)初步提出低覆盖度固沙林不同建植林种的优化带间距分别为:针叶乔木15～40m、阔叶乔木15～36 m、灌木12～28 m、半灌木5～12 m;(4)降水渗漏补给地下水既能支持地下水位的稳定、又能维持正向的耦合作用,支撑人工固沙林及带间土壤、植被、微生物的稳定性与可持续性.综述低覆盖度治沙理论耦合的植被修复机理及其相关参数,对降低防沙治沙工程成本、提升固沙植被稳定性具有重要的理论指导意义和实践应用价值.
Characteristics of vegetation restoration based on the theory of low vegetation coverage for desertification control
The purpose of low vegetation coverage for desertification control is to control the vegetation cover-age of trees and shrubs in a specific area to a lower level at about 15％-25％,which can also fix the sand and keep vegetation alive.Through the coupling study of wind and sand physics,near-surface hydrology,microcli-mate,interface ecology and artificial vegetation planting pattern with native vegetation,we changed the pattern of sparse forest and irrigation to achieve desertification control,and obtained an optimal pattern of sparse wood-land and sparse shrubs.The low coverage for desertification control mechanism is further clarified:(1)Low cov-erage for desertification control optimizes the combination of edge row dominance and interface ecological mech-anism,and the optimized band spacing increases the number of species naturally restored by 2-5 times.(2)Arti-ficial treatment and natural restoration can form a coupling effect,and the optimized band spacing accelerates the restoration of soil,vegetation and microorganisms by 19％-27％compared to the control plot.(3)The optimized spacing of the low coverage for desertification control forest zones initially explored is 5-12 m for semi-shrubs,12-28 m for shrubs,15-36 m for broad-leaved trees,and 15-40 m for pines.(4)The precipitation recharged groundwater and support the stability of the groundwater level and maintain the positive coupling effect,which supports the stability and sustainability of the artificial sand-fixing forest and the soil,vegetation,and microor-ganisms between the zones.The low coverage for desertification control mechanism and its related parameters re-search has important theoretical and practical guidance value to reduce costs and promote the stability of sand-fix-ing vegetation in the future sand control projects.

low vegetation coverage sand controlinterface ecologyedge row dominancesoil water leak-agevegetation restorationcoupling mechanism

刘丹一、冯伟、王涛、杨文斌、朱斌、邹慧、周密

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中国治沙暨沙业学会,北京 100714

锡林郭勒职业学院,内蒙古锡林浩特 026000

中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃兰州 730000

内蒙古低覆盖治沙科技开发有限公司,内蒙古呼和浩特 010010

中国林业科学研究院,北京 100091

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低覆盖度治沙 界面生态学 边行优势 土壤水分渗漏 植被修复 耦合机理

中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所课题新立项项目中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所课题新立项项目内蒙古自治区科技重大专项

IDS2022JY-08IDS2022JY-092019ZD003

2024

10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00079

中国沙漠
中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所

中国沙漠

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：1.504
ISSN：1000-694X
年,卷(期)：2024.44(1)
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