Spatial targeting and compensation mode of win-win payments for ecosystem services in ecological function zones
Spatial targeting and compensation mode are the keys to solve the core content of Payments for Eco-system Services(PES):Who should be compensated and how.In order to realize a win-win PES on ecological conservation and sustainable livelihood,in this paper,we propose a research framework for projects of PES that combines ecosystem service assessment and livelihood capital evaluation,along with an analysis of the princi-ples guiding spatial targeting and compensation modes for win-win PES.We took Tewo County,a national pilot and important ecological function zone,as a case study.A comprehensive index method was designed for spatial targeting.According to the principle"leveraging strengths and addressing weaknesses",we put forward differen-tiated compensation modes.The results show that:(1)Areas with high levels of ecosystem services and low lev-els of livelihood capital are prioritized for win-win PES.(2)Utilizing a combination of composite index ranking and cluster analysis,we classified the townships in Tewo County into three regions with varying optimization levels.Among these,Dala Township emerged as the top priority for win-win PES.(3)Tewo County is character-ized by abundant natural capital but a deficiency in the other four dimensions of livelihood capital.Therefore,the prudent development of natural capital,the promotion of eco-tourism,and the development of distinctive forest-ry and grassland economies are essential directions for PES.The research framework,the designed comprehen-sive index method,and the differentiated compensation modes presented in this paper can be extended to differ-ent scales and regions to promote the realization of win-win PES,fostering a harmonious relationship between ecological conservation and sustainable livelihood.
payments for ecosystem serviceswin-win frameworkcomposite index methodspatial targetingcompensation mode
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