Institutional exploration of the"governance of China":Evolution,practice and prospects of ecological civilization and national park policy
The policy system of ecological civilization and national parks is an important part of the national governance system in the new era of the"governance of China".Based on the three-dimensional analysis framework of"policy structure-policy tools-policy evolution",we use evolutionary theory and qualitative analysis tools to sort out the policies and regulations related to China's ecological civilization and national parks,and analyze the evolution stages,characteristics and contents of the policies and regulations since the 21st century in the field of ecological civilization.This paper analyzes the stages,characteristics and contents of policies in the field of ecological civilization,and discusses the vision objectives and development paths of the policies and systems under the new situation in the context of local practices.The research results show that:(1)The evolution of policies regarding ecological civilization and national parks since the 21st century can be divided into four stages,including the policy exploration stage(2000-2006),the policy demonstration stage(2007-2012),the policy expansion and enhancement stage(2013-2017),and the policy continuous optimization stage(2018-present),with the peak stage of evolution from 2016 to 2018;(2)Institutional policies are dominated by coercive tools,presenting a high degree of national will and authority,with insufficient diversification of the participating subjects and a general degree of social participation,the standardized normative form and the programmatic policy form co-occur most frequently,and the structural coercive tools are the most commonly used form of policy combination;(3)Local ecological civilization practices are distinctive,with"Fujian Model","Qinghai Experiences",and"Zhejiang Path"being important ecological civilization pilot experiences;(4)China's ecological civilization policy and institutional construction has achieved significant breakthrough in the top-level design,local practice,and conceptual influence of the system,and it is possible to promote the construction of China's ecological civilization policy and institutional construction in six directions,such as further improving the construction of the institutional system and the refinement of the field,and in 10 specific aspects,including law,culture and the economy.
the"governance of China"ecological civilizationnational parkspolicy evolu-tionpractices
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