Reproductive Biological Characteristics of Tetrastichus septentrionalis
Tetrastichus septentrionalis is one of important parasitic natural enemies of Hyphantria cunea,showing wide application potential in biological control.The parasitic behavior and biological characteristics of T.septentrionalis were studied,which could provide a reference for its large-scale breeding with Tenebrio molitor pupa as an alternative host for control of Hyphantria cunea.The results showed that the whole mating behaviors of the wasp consisted of three phases:pre-copulating,mid-copulating and post-copulating.Parasitic behavior was divided into four phases:searching,probing,oviposition,and combing after oviposition.The embryonic development could be divided into early embryo development,period of embryo elongation and organogenesis,and period of embryo maturation.Post-embryonic development included the larval stage,pupal stage and adult stage.There were no mature eggs in the ovaries of newly emerged females,and mature eggs appeared after 24 h of emergence.The whole generation durations of T.septentrionalis were 59.35 d,31.20 d,22.85 d,18.45 d,and 13.90 d at 18℃,21℃,24℃,27℃,and 30℃,respectively.The developmental threshold temperature of T.septentrionalis was 14.15℃,and the effective accumulated temperature was 225.06 d·℃.
Tetrastichus septentrionalisHyphantria cuneaontogenyeffective accumulated temperature
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