Effects of Insulin on Growth,Fecundity and Pathogenicity of Entomopathogenic Nematodes
Entomopathogenic nematodes(EPN)possess many attributes as biocontrol agents.They are safe to humans and generally safe to other nontarget organisms.Insulin,as a protein peptide,has been proved to play an important role in regulating the growth,development and lifespan of insects and nematodes.To investigate the effects of insulin on entomopathogenic nematodes,we studied the life span,fecundity and pathogenicity of Steinernema kraussei 0657L and Heterorhabditis brevicaudis 0641TY exposed to insulin and their pathogenicity to Galleria mellonella.The results showed that both the intervention time and the concentration of insulin could affect the growth and development of S.kraussei 0657L in the host insect.Intervention on the day of infection(t)and high concentration(1:500)could reduce the life span of S.kraussei 0657L,while on the day of infection,both high and low concentration of insulin intervention significantly shortened the life span of H.brevicaudis 0641TY,which was more prominent in H.brevicaudis 0641TY than in S.kraussei 0657L.After infection with S.kraussei 0657L for 10 days,low concentration of insulin increased its fertility significantly,while just after infection with H.brevicaudis 0641TY for 1 day,low concentration of insulin increased the fertility of H.brevicaudis 0641TY significantly.In addition,insulin had an effect on the pathogenicity of S.kraussei 0657L.High concentration of insulin applied within 24 h quickened the death of host significantly,which,however,disappeared at 36 h post application.Similar effects were not observed on the pathogenicity of H.brevicaudis 0641TY.Therefore,insulin affects the development and fecundity of S.kraussei 0657L and H.brevicaudis 0641TY and has an effect on the pathogenicity of S.kraussei 0657L.These findings will shed light on the use of entomopathogenic nematodes.
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