心电(ECG)自动分类技术是心律不齐的一种重要辅助诊断手段.为提高动态心电异常心拍提取的准确率,提出一种基于Inception模块的CNN-BiLSTM房颤检测与心拍分类算法.首先将ECG信号分割成采样长度为1 000个采样点的心拍片段,然后利用Inception模块提取3种不同尺度的心电特征,再通过4层一维卷积神经网络(CNN)和两层双向长短期记忆神经网络(BiLSTM)来进一步提取心电特征,最后使用一层全连接网络和softmax函数实现降维和心拍分类.为了进一步提高分类准确率,采用小波降噪技术对原始ECG进行降噪.实验采用PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2017数据库提供的数据,预处理后选取60 000个心拍样本进行分类,并以准确率(Acc)和F1分数(F1-score)作为评判标准来评价模型性能.实验结果表明,所建立的模型针对3类心拍(正常、房颤、其它)的分类Acc为91.38％,F1-score为91.27％,比仅使用CNN-BiLSTM组合模型(Acc为86.61％,F1-score为86.68％)分别提高了 4.77％和4.59％.因此,所提出的基于Inception模块的CNN-BiLSTM房颤检测与心拍分类算法比CNN-BiLSTM的组合模型有更好的分类效果.
Atrial Fibrillation Detection and ECG Heartbeat Classification Algorithm Based on Inception Module and CNN-BiLSTM
Automatic ECG classification technology is an important auxiliary diagnostic method for arrhythmia.In order to improve the accuracy of abnormal dynamic ECG heartbeat extraction,an ECG beat classification algorithm based on Inception module and CNN-BiLSTM was proposed in this paper.First,the ECG signal was divided into heartbeat segments with the length of 1000 sampling points.Next,3 different scales heartbeats were extracted by using the Inception module.The ECG features were further extracted through a 4-layer one-dimensional convolutional neural network(CNN)and a 2-layer bidirectional long short-term memory neural network(BiLSTM).At last,a 1-layer fully connected network and a softmax function were used to reduce the dimension of feature and classify the heartbeat.To improve the classification accuracy,a wavelet denoising technique was used to reduce the noise of the raw data.The data provided by the PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2017 database were used in experiments.After preprocessed,60,000 heartbeat samples were selected for classification,and the accuracy(Acc)and F1 score(F1-score)were used as the main evaluation criteria to evaluate the performance of the model.Results showed that the established model had an Acc of 91.38％for the three types of heartbeats(normal,atrial fibrillation,and others)and F1-score was 91.27％,which was 4.77％and 4.59％higher than that of the combined model using only CNN-BiLSTM(Acc of 86.61％,F1-score of 86.68％),respectively.In conclusion,the proposed CNN-BiLSTM atrial fibrillation detection and ECG beat classification algorithm based on the Inception module has a better classification efficacy than the CNN-BiLSTM combined model.
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