Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 associated myoc-ardial injury/myocarditis in children
COVID-19 might have a direct and indirect effect on the cardiovascular system.The relevant mechanisms include virus direct invasion,inflammatory factor storm,hypoxemia induced myocardial hypoxia injury and immune disorders.Novel coronavirus infection in children can lead to cardiovascular complications such as myocardial damage,myocarditis,arrhythmia and multi-system inflammatory syndrome.Compared with other viral cardiomyopathies,COVID-19 related cases have a more insidious onset,a higher proportion of fulminant myocarditis,and persistent symptoms after the infection period.In addition,children with COVID-19 who have pre-existing underlying cardiovascular disease have a worse prognosis than previously healthy children.This article reviews the clinical features,mechanisms and management of novel coronavirus infection-related myocardial damage/myocarditis in children.