Clinical analysis of 198 cases of interstitial lung disease in children
Objective To analyze the clinical data of interstitial lung disease(ILD)in children,in order to improve the understanding of this disease among clinical doctors.Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical data of pediatric patients with ILD who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from December 2015 to April 2023,including gender,age,symptoms,bronchoscopic manifestations,imaging manifestations,lung function,primary disease,concomitant diease,disease burden and outcomes.Results A total of 198 children were diagnosed,with 110 males and 88 females;The age of onset was 31.00 months(1.43-156.00 months).The most common respiratory symptoms in children with ILD were cough in 130 cases(65.7％),expectoration in 117 cases(59.1％).The most common systemic symptoms were fever in 72 cases(36.4％);31 cases(15.7％)had different degrees of malnutrition.Among the etiology,134 cases(67.7％)were related to alveolar structure disorder.59 cases(29.8％)were associated with systemic dieases.3 cases(1.5％)were unigue to infancy.2 cases(1.0％)were related to environmental exposure.Among them,129 cases(96.3％)of pulmonary infection were the most common cases related to alveolar structural disorders;Systemic diseases were common in 25 cases(42.4％)of juvenile idiopathic arthritis,followed by 10 cases(16.9％)of systemic lupus erythematosus.The HRCT manifestations of the chest were ground glass shadow in 192 cases(97.0％),subpleural patchy shadow in 162 cases(81.8％).Under bronchoscopy,various degrees of bronchial intimal inflammation were observed in all 111 children.Among them,16 cases(8.1％)were accompanied by tracheomalacia in different parts,3 cases(1.5％)were accompanied by laryngeal cleft,4 cases(2.0％)had tracheal bronchi.A total of 77 cases(38.9％)completed lung function examinations,26 cases(33.8％)were normal,28 cases(36.3％)had varying degrees of ventilation dysfunction,8 cases(10.4％)had varying degrees of diffusion dysfunction,and 15 cases(19.5％)had mixed ventilation dysfunction.Conclusion The age distribution of children with ILD is wide,and only some children have respiratory symptoms.HRCT manifestations of the chest are diverse,which helps in the early diagnosis of ILD,the control of the primary disease,and regular respiratory follow-up are the key to the diagnosis and treatment of ILD.
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