Phosphorus metabolism and phosphate homeostasis in children
Phosphorus is an abundant element in the body,which is essential to various key biological processes such as cell energy metabolism,cell signaling,bone mineralization,and maintenance of the internal environment of the body.Phosphate-dependent bone formation is particularly important in early life.Blood phosphorus is generally higher in children and gradually decreases from childhood through adolescence to low level in adulthood.Phosphorus homeostasis is maintained through complex phosphate exchanges between intestinal phosphate absorption,renal phosphate handling,and intracellular fluid and bone phosphate pools.Phosphorus-rich foods are abundant in nature,and dietary phosphorus is absorbed in the intestines,a process promoted by 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D,while parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23 can inhibit renal tubular phosphate reabsorption,and increase urinary phosphate excretion,thus maintaining blood phosphorus fluctuation within the physiological range.Renal tubular phosphate reabsorption is crucial for phosphorus metabolism,and the calculation of renal phosphate threshold and tubular phosphate reabsorption is important for studying phosphorus homeostasis and identifying the causes of phosphorus metabolism disorders.
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