Perinatal depression is one of the common perinatal diseases and the leading cause of female perinatal suicide.It needs to be recognized and treated early to reduce the harm to mother and fetus or off-spring.The prevention and treatment of perinatal de-pression in China is still in the initial stage,and the social environment and medical system have not paid sufficient attention to it.This article reviews the epi-demiology,risk factors and protective factors,psy-chological screening,diagnosis,treatment and pre-vention of perinatal depression,aiming to provide reference and suggestions for clinical practice.