Kinematic Characteristics and Training Enlightenment of the Elite Male Short-Distance Speed Skaters'Start Techniques
Objective:The start is the most critical skill in determining the short-distance speed skater's performance.The study explores the kinematic characteristics of the start technique in short-distance speed skating by utilizing an AI-generated 3D motion capture system,aiming to enhance the start performance of skaters.Methods:Eight elite male speed skaters are chosen as test subjects for the analysis of the starting position and initial push,as well as for evaluating time,space,angle,and speed parameters during the initial six steps preceding acceleration.Results:Among the time parameters,the initial push time is the most critical indicator determining the effectiveness of the start(r=0.951),followed by reaction time and single-step time.Among the spatial position parameters,the stride length immediately after the initial push,the stride length and width of the the second and fourth steps during the acceleration phase,as well as the height of the body's center of gravity during the fifth and sixth steps in the acceleration phase,are negatively correlated with the effectiveness of the start(r＞|0.5|).HCOM/H(the ratio of the body's center of gravity to body height)shows a slight decrease at the initial push,a rapid increase during the first step,followed by a steady trend.Among the spatial angular velocity parameters,the rear stability angle,the push angle,and the trunk angle during the initial push and acceleration show a strong positive correlation with the effectiveness of the start(r＞0.5),and the knee angle within the push range varied from 93° to 148°.In addition,the speed at the initial push and during the first four steps of acceleration show a strong negative correlation with the effectiveness of the start(r＞|0.5|),and a transition point from rapid short push-off to push-off whilst gliding technique occurs when the speed reaches 6.79 m/s.Conclusions:The start maneuver in speed skating exhibits characteristics of unilateral force,multi-directional movement,and unstable support,while the fifth and sixth steps in the acceleration phase represent a transition point from rapid short push-off to push-off whilst gliding.This insight informs the enhancement of reaction and movement speed training,static power,rapid power,and explosive power training,balance and stability control training,optimal maneuver coordination mode training,and lower limb ligament rigidity training during off-ice and on-ice sessions for speed skaters.These measures are instrumental in improving the skaters'start performance.
万方数据
维普
