Effects of Cognitive Engagement Exercise on Children's Inhibitory Control Function and Activation of Prefrontal Cortex:The Masking Effect of Mood
Objective:To explore the effects of acute running with different cognitive engage-ment on children's inhibitory control function,mood,and brain activation,as well as the mediat-ing role of mood in the influence of exercise intervention on inhibitory control.Methods:Nine-ty primary school fourth grade children were randomly divided into the cognitive running group(n=30),the traditional running group(n=30),and the control group(n=30),respectively,for 20 min of moderate-intensity cognitive engagement running,traditional running or rest.The Go/No-go paradigm cognitive task and functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)were used to investi-gate the changes of inhibitory control function and brain activation of prefrontal cortex in chil-dren before and 15 min after exercise intervention,and the Two-Dimensional Mood Scale(TDMS)was used to measure the the changes of children's mood status immediately before and after exercise intervention.Results:1)After both traditional running and cognitive engagement running,children's reaction times in Go/No-go cognitive task were significantly shortened(P＜0.01),with cognitive engagement running significantly improving the accuracy of nogo trail(P＜0.01).2)Compared to traditional running and the control group,cognitive engagement running more effectively en-hanced children's levels of pleasure and arousal(P＜0.01),and significantly increased oxyhe-moglobin(Oxy-Hb)concentration level in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(l-DLPFC)(P＜0.01).3)The increase in Oxy-Hb concentration level in l-DLPFC was significantly positively correlated with the increase in arousal level(r=0.31,P＜0.01),and significantly negatively corre-lated with the increase in reaction time(r=-0.22,P＜0.05).4)The arousal level of mood had a masking effect between exercise intervention and the reaction time of inhibitory control.Conclu-sions:Cognitive engagement exercise can more effectively improve mood and enhance inhibitory control function in children.Its neural mechanism may involve enhancing children's inhibitory control function through the activation of l-DLPFC,which is associated with mood responses.And the exercise-induced arousal level shows a masking effect in the influence of the exercise intervention on inhibitory control.
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