Structure of Training Load and Its Training Effect for Chinese Female Lightweight Rowers Preparing for the Olympic Games during Altitude Winter Training
Objective:To analyze the training load structure characteristics and training effects of eight weeks of altitude training of the women's lightweight group of the Chinese national rowing team.Methods:Eight elite lightweight rowers from Chinese female lightweight team were in-volved as the research subjects.The training load during altitude training was comprehensively recorded,and the results of peak oxygen uptake(V̇O2peak),anaerobic threshold,and ergometer performance at distances of 2 000 m,6 000 m,and 8×250 m all-out efforts were taken one week before altitude training and one week after altitude training,respectively.Blood samples were also collected to analyze the changes in physiological status.Results:1)According to the training duration of the eight weeks of altitude training,training on the water accounted for 63.5%,ergometer training accounted for 9.8%,strength training accounted for 15.4%,and running accounted for 11.3%;during altitude training,the strength and endurance training was arranged 3 times a week.2)Regarding the distance covered during training,a total of 882 km of raining on the water,256 km of ergometer training,and 214 km of running were completed.The total training distance of training on the water plus ergometer sessions,categorized by intensity,was 72.8%,23.6%and 3.6%for low-intensity aerobic,moderate-to-high-intensity aerobic,and high-intensity training,respectively.3)After eight weeks of altitude training,V̇O2peak was significantly increased by 4.92%[(4.42±0.34)L/min vs(4.64±0.17)L/min,P＜0.05)];the power at V̇O2peak was significantly improved with an enhancement of 3.43%(P＜0.05);the power corresponding to 4 mmol/L blood lactate concentration significantly increased with an improvement of 12.08%[(186.77±11.47)W vs(209.34±21.36)W,P＜0.05];the all-out effort times to complete the 2 000 m and 6 000 m ergometer tests were notable improved with increase of 1.40%and 2.69%,respectively(07:20.8±00:06.4 vs 07:14.0±00:06.7,P＜0.05;23:19.7±00:27.9 vs 22:42.1±00:13.9,P＜0.01);the average time to fully complete the 8×250 m on the ergometer was sig-nificantly improved by 1.3%[(52.77±0.84)s vs(51.71±0.67)s,P＜0.01].4)After eight weeks of altitude training,the athletes'body weight increased significantly(P＜0.05),and the circulat-ing blood hemoglobin and hematocrit levels both significantly elevated with increases of 14.26%and 12.99%(P＜0.01),respectively;the blood ferritin levels significantly decreased with dropping by 5.04%(P＜0.05);the testosterone and cortisol levels did not change signifi-cantly.Conclusions:During the eight weeks of altitude winter training,the proportion of low-in-tensity aerobic training,moderate to high-intensity aerobic training,and high-intensity training,in the total distance of training on the water and dynamometer training is differs from the typi-cal polarized model,and the overall training load exhibited a quasi-pyramidal polarized training pattern.After 8 weeks of altitude training under this pattern,the improvements were observed in maximum aerobic capacity,lactate anaerobic threshold power,long-distance aerobic endurance,anaerobic endurance,and specific abilities of female lightweight athletes of the national rowing team.From the monitoring indexes of physiological status,the circulating blood oxygen trans-port capacity was improved,and no serious fatigue accumulation was caused.
万方数据
维普
