目的:观察艾灸疗法对越野滑雪运动员运动后疲劳的恢复作用，探究艾灸疗法对运动后疲劳恢复的应用价值。方法:将14名第十四届全国冬季运动会吉林省集训队越野滑雪项目运动员随机分为对照组(n=7)和艾灸组(n=7)。对照组和艾灸组均进行持续4周、每周3次的运动疲劳训练。对照组在运动疲劳训练后进行常规放松，艾灸组除常规放松外，同期接受艾灸治疗(每周3次，每次40 min，共12次)。对运动疲劳训练后的运动心理指标(Borg主观疲劳感觉量表评分)、运动生化指标(血乳酸、血红蛋白水平)以及运动生理指标(血氧饱和度、心率变异性、上肢握力)进行监测与分析。结果:1)艾灸组在干预中期和干预结束后的主观疲劳感觉评分均显著低于对照组(P<0。05，P<0。01)。2)艾灸组运动后5 min血乳酸值在干预中期和干预结束后均显著低于对照组(P<0。01，P<0。05)，运动后次日晨起血乳酸值艾灸组在干预中期与对照组相比变化不明显(P>0。05)，但干预结束后显著低于对照组(P<0。05)。3)两组的血红蛋白水平在干预中期无明显差异(P>0。05)，但在干预结束后，艾灸组的血红蛋白水平显著高于对照组(P<0。01)。4)两组的血氧饱和度水平在干预中期无明显差异(P>0。05)，但在干预结束后，艾灸组的血氧饱和度水平明显高于对照组(P<0。05)。5)心率变异性的时域指标[全部窦性心搏RR间期的标准差(standard diviation of NN intervals，SDNN)、相邻RR间期差值均方的平方根(root mean square of successive differences，RMSSD)、相邻心搏RR间期之差值大于50 ms的心搏数占心搏总数的百分比(percentage of NN intervals exceeding 50 ms，PNN50)]比较结果显示，艾灸组在干预中期、干预结束后的SDNN、RMSSD与对照组相比均显著升高(P<0。05，P<0。01)，艾灸组PNN50比对照组稍有升高，但差异不具有统计学意义(P>0。05)。心率变异性的频域指标[高频功率(high frequency，HF)、低频功率(low frequency，LF)、低频和高频的比值(LF/HF)]比较结果显示，艾灸组在干预中期、干预结束后的HF、LF/HF与对照组相比无明显差异(P>0。05)，两组的LF在干预中期无明显差异(P>0。05)，但在干预结束后艾灸组明显低于对照组(P<0。05)。6)两组运动前后左、右手握力差值在干预中期和干预结束后均无明显差异(P>0。05)。结论:艾灸疗法干预能够有效加快越野滑雪运动员运动疲劳训练后自主神经系统调节功能状态的恢复，并对心理疲劳、乳酸堆积、肌肉力量等有一定恢复效果。
Research on the Application of Moxibustion Therapy in the Recovery of Fatigue after Exercise of Cross-Country Skiers during the Preparation for the "14th National Winter Games"
Objective:To observe the effect of moxibustion therapy on fatigue recovery of cross-country skiers after exercise,and to explore the application value of moxibustion therapy on fa-tigue recovery after exercise. Methods:Fourteen cross-country skiers of Jilin Provincial assem-bled team at the 14th National Winter Games were randomly divided into control group (n=7) and moxibustion group (n=7). Both the control group and moxibustion group underwent exercise-induced fatigue training for 4 consecutive weeks,3 times per week. The control group performed routine relaxation after exercise-induced fatigue training,while the moxibustion group received moxibustion treatment in the same period in addition to routine relaxation (3 times a week,40 min once,12 times in total). After exercise-induced fatigue training,exercise psychological index (the score of Borg Subjective Fatigue Scale),exercise biochemical indexes (blood lactic acid,hemoglobin levels) and exercise physiological indexes (blood oxygen saturation,heart rate vari-ability,upper limb grip strength) were monitored and analyzed. Results:1) The subjective fa-tigue scores of the moxibustion group were significantly lower than those of the control group at both the midpoint and the end of the intervention (P<0.05,P<0.01). 2) The blood lactic acid value 5 min after exercise in the moxibustion group was significantly lower than that in the con-trol group at the middle stage of intervention and after the intervention (P<0.01,P<0.05). The blood lactic acid value in the moxibustion group from the next morning after exercise had no sig-nificant change compared with the control group at the middle stage of intervention (P>0.05),but was significantly lower than that in the control group after the intervention (P<0.05). 3) There was no significant difference in hemoglobin level between the two groups in the middle period of intervention (P>0.05),but after the intervention,the hemoglobin level of moxibustion group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01). 4) There was no significant differ-ence in blood oxygen saturation between the two groups in the middle period of intervention (P>0.05),but after the intervention,the blood oxygen saturation level in moxibustion group was sig-nificantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). 5) The comparison of time-domain indi-ces of heart rate variability[SDNN (standard diviation of NN intervals),RMSSD (root mean square of successive differences),and PNN50 (percentage of NN intervals exceeding 50 ms)]showed that SDNN and RMSSD in the moxibustion group were significantly higher than those in the control group at both mid-intervention and post-intervention stages (P<0.05,P<0.01). PNN50 in the moxibustion group was slightly higher than in the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The comparison of frequency-domain indices of heart rate variability[HF (high frequency),LF (low frequency),and LF/HF]showed no significant differ-ences in HF and LF/HF between the moxibustion and control groups at both mid-intervention and post-intervention stages (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in LF between the two groups at mid-intervention (P>0.05),but at post-intervention,LF in the moxibustion group was significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.05). 6) There was no significant differ-ence in the difference of left hand grip strength and right hand grip strength between the two groups before and after exerciseat at both mid-intervention and post-intervention stages (P>0.05). Conclusion:Moxibustion therapy can effectively accelerate the recovery of autonom-ic nervous system regulatory function after exercise-induced fatigue training of cross-country skiers,and has a certain recovery effect on psychological fatigue,lactic acid accumulation,and muscle strength.
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