Risk Identification,Early Warning and Prevention of High-Altitude Outdoor Sports in Light of Physical Fitness——Based on Systematic Reviews and Empirical Study on Trekking in Mount Siguniang
Objective:For mountain outdoor sports participants short-term emergency into high-altitude areas the characteristics of mountain outdoor sports participants' short-term rush into high-altitude areas,to analyze high altitude environmental conditions on human health and health and exercise capacity nutritional factors and countermeasures. Methods:Multi-cycle and mixed methods systematic reviews were adopted to identify the main medical risks related to physical fitness and nutritional risks affecting physical fitness in high-altitude outdoor sports combined with the Haddon matrix. The subjects who were selected to trek from the plain to the Second Peak of Mount Siguniang were followed up to investigate the diet and drinking water of the sub-jects during the trekking. Physical fitness indicators such as body composition,cardiopulmo-nary function,muscle strength,fasting blood glucose and body temperature of the subjects were monitored at different altitudes,and risk warning indicators of outdoor sports at high altitudes were explored,as well as nutritional measures to control sports risks. Results:Fifteen medical risk literatures and four nutritional risk literatures were included,and the medical risk events of out-door sports at high altitude were mainly acute mountain sickness and related diseases caused by low oxygen at high altitude. In addition,nutrition-related problems accounted for a large propor-tion,such as weight loss due to insufficient energy intake,dehydration and fluid acid-base im-balance caused by lactic acid accumulation under hypoxia conditions. The daily energy,main nutrients and drinking water intake of the trekking subjects in the Second Peak of Mount Siguni-ang were insufficient,which was consistent with the results of systematic evaluation. The physi-cal fitness indicators of the subjects changed with the change of altitudes,and the blood oxygen saturation was positively correlated with the percentage of body water (P<0.01),muscle mass (P<0.01) and maximum oxygen uptake (P<0.05). Conclusions:Blood oxygen saturation can be used as a risk predictor for outdoor sports in acute entry to high altitudes. Scientific nutrition-al support measures,such as adequate energy intake,high-carbohydrate diet,and adequate water intake to avoid dehydration,are the basis for maintaining and improving physical fitness,and are also key factors to ensure the safety of mountain outdoor sports.
high altitudeoutdoor sportsphysical fitnessrisk identificationrisk warning
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