摘要
近年来现实采集技术促进了文化遗产数字化进程,文化遗产保护实践也对数字化方法提出具体而新的要求.本文通过案例展示文化遗产数字化方法,涉及调查仪器、数据处理技术以及点云自动分类等领域的最新发展.有针对性地分析了近年的三处数字化研究对象,阐述了面对复杂的建筑文化遗产时,综合运用多传感器技术以生成准确且完整的建筑模型的益处,重点关注了跨学科协作环境下从数据采集到通过Web平台分享和数据管理利用的话题.探讨了文化遗产领域广泛采用自动化和人工智能所带来的未来可能性,深入分析了其主要优势以及潜在问题.
Abstract
The advancement of reality capture technologies has significantly accelerated the digitization possibilities of Cultural Heritage(CH),while the practical implementation of these technologies and tools raises new challenges to be addressed.This paper describes some research experiences in the field of Cultural Heritage digitization,presenting the benefits of a multiple sensors survey approach to produce accurate and complete models of architecture.The article presents three case studies concerning different Cultural Heritage sites and monuments and their digitization project:the bell towers and apse of the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta and San Giovanni Battista in Aosta,the Giuturna Spring in the Ar-chaeological Park of Colosseo in Rome,and Milan Cathedral.The cases studies correspond to illustrate the holistic digitization ap-porach,considering possible problems when come to articulated and complicated architectural spaces,openair and large range cultural heritage,from data acquisition,survey integration,to data sharing and information management through web platforms.The process of multi-sensor data acquisition involves the integration of data coming from various sources like terrestrial laser scanners(TLS),close-range and UAV photogrammetry,and multi-camera photogrammetric systems.This integration process has become dominant in the digitalization practices,for it allows for a more completed and accurate representation of the surveyed areas,compensating for each survey technique limitation.The resulting 3D models aims at being as the most complete and representative as possible,according to the survey conditions and intrinsic limitations.Regarding the problem of data use and sharing among experts in wide span of disciplines,presents the promising role of web platforms for 3D data management.These platforms provide a centralized repository where data can be stored,organized,and ac-cessed by users and ensure a proficient experience also from digital devices with light computational power.The paper explores the potential future possibilities offered by the possible adoption of automation and artificial intelligence(AI)in the field of Cultural Heritage.Primary concerns of integrating AI and automation into cultural heritage digitization were discussed.Addressed also possible challenges and ontoligical issues that may arise with the increased use of these technologies.
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