Overview of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis Methods in Catalysts Research
Catalysts play a critical role in the modern chemical industries,which is irreplaceable in improving productivity,reducing energy consumption,and minimizing environmental pollution.With the continuous improvement of scientific cognition,the research on catalysts has been developed from the evaluation of macroscopic dynamic performance to the analysis of microscopic molecular level and electronic structure.As the most effective analysis method in the material surface and interface research,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)has become the standard analytic tool for studying catalytic materials in the past few decades due to its substantial physical foundation and surface sensitivity.With the increasing popularity of XPS instruments,its applications are also constantly growing.However,the active components in catalysts tend to be low in content,small in scale and changeable in composition,which is a huge challenge for high-quality XPS testing.The conventional XPS analysis methods in catalysts research were systematically reviewed,and then the problems and possible treatment methods in the test procedure from sample preparation,experimental design to data processing and spectrum analysis were discussed.At last,the development of XPS applied in catalysis research was prospected,which would be hopeful to provide reference and inspiration for other material research.
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