Composition Analysis of Lithium-ion Battery Solid Electrolyte Interphase(SEI)Layers Revealed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS)Depth Profiling
The solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer on the surface of lithium-ion battery anodes is a critical factor to determine the performance and safety of batteries.Accurately analyzing the chemical composition and depth distribution of the SEI layer is essential for understanding its formation mechanism and optimizing battery performance.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)depth profiling technology is an important method to study the depth-dependent compositional changes of the SEI layer,but there are many key influencing factors in the actual analysis process.The effects of sample transfer,sputtering energy and sputtering area on the depth profile characterization of the SEI layer were systematically investigated by XPS depth profiling.The results showed that the choice of sample transfer method is crucial.Rapid transfer in air could lead to chemical changes on the SEI layer surface,so a quasi in-situ transfer method should be used to maintain the original state of the SEI layer.During Ar+sputtering,increasing the sputtering energy can enhance the sputtering rate without significantly affecting the analysis results of depth compositional distribution.Furthermore,the study found that the sputtering rate varies with the sputtering area for different elements,indicating that the sputtering rate is element-dependent.Therefore,it is necessary to carefully select the appropriate sputtering area to obtain accurate depth compositional information of the SEI layer.These research results provide effective methodological support for precisely analyzing the composition of lithium-ion battery SEI layers using XPS depth profiling,which can deepen the understanding of SEI formation mechanisms and provide important scientific basis for further optimizing battery performance.
lithium-ion batterysolid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layersXPS depth analysissputtering conditionssputtering area
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