血液检测中常见误差来源及质量控制措施研究

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中文摘要：目的分析血站血液检测中常见误差的来源，并探讨影响这些误差的因素，以便制定有效的质量控制策略，提升血液检测的准确度与可靠性。方法选取 2022 年 4 月—2023 年5 月在青岛市中心血站莱西献血服务部进行血液采集的 180 名献血者为研究对象。根据血液检测结果的偏差程度，将其分为误差组(n=90)与对照组(n=90)。回顾性分析 2 组一般资料、操作流程、检测仪器、检测试剂、检测方法等，比较 2组检测结果差异，并采用逻辑回归分析误差的影响因素。结果误差组在白细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白、血小板项目中偏差比以及平均值分别为(13。46±4。34)%、(11。25±4。45)%、(12。36±5。57)%、(10。37±2。58)%、(12。14±4。01)%，高于对照组的(2。35±0。23)%、(2。45±0。56)%、(2。67±0。34)%、(2。77±0。45)%、(2。56±0。34)%(P＜0。05)。逻辑回归分析结果显示，检测前后的操作流程、检测仪器的校准与维护情况、检测试剂的保存与使用情况、检测方法的选择与执行情况均是误差的影响因素，其中检测前后的操作流程是最主要的影响因素，其比值比(odds ratio，OR)值为3。212(P＜0。001)。结论血站血液检测中的误差源自多个环节，要确保检测的准确性和可靠性，就必须在各个环节实施严格的质量控制，尤其是在检测前后的操作流程上，应严格遵守标准化程序，以减少人为干扰和错误。

外文标题：Research on Common Error Sources and Quality Control Measures in Blood Testing

外文摘要：Objective To analyze the sources of common errors in blood testing at blood stations and explore the factors that affect these errors,in order to develop effective quality control strategies and improve the accuracy and reliability of blood testing.Methods A total of 180 blood donors who collected blood in laixi blood donation service,Qingdao Blood Center from April 2022 to May 2023 were selected as the study objects.According to the degree of deviation in blood test results,they were divided into an error group(n=90)and a control group(n=90).Retrospective analysis of two groups of general information,operating procedures,testing instruments,testing reagents,testing methods,etc.,the differences in testing results were compared between the two groups,and using logistic regression analysis to identify the influencing factors of errors.Results The deviation ratios and average values of white blood cells,red blood cells,hemoglobin,platelets in the error group were(13.46±4.34)%,(11.25±4.45)%,(12.36±5.57)%,(10.37±2.58)%,(12.14±4.01)%,respectively,which was higher than(2.35±0.23)%,(2.45±0.56)%,(2.67±0.34)%,(2.77±0.45)%,(2.56±0.34)%of control group(P<0.05).The results of logistic regression analysis show that the operational process before and after detection,calibration and maintenance of detection instruments,storage and use of detection reagents,selection and execution of detection methods are all factors affecting errors.Among them,the operational process before and after detection is the most important influencing factor,with an odds ratio(OR)value of 3.212(P<0.001).Conclusion Errors in blood testing at blood stations originate from multiple stages.To ensure the accuracy and reliability of testing,strict quality control must be implemented at each stage,especially in the operation process before and after testing.Standardized procedures should be strictly followed to reduce human interference and errors.

外文关键词：

blood testingblood stationsource of errorquality controlinfluencing factorsoperation processdeviation degree

作者：

苏永、吕建平

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作者单位：

青岛市中心血站莱西献血服务部,山东青岛 266600

关键词：

血液检测血站误差来源质量控制影响因素操作流程偏差程度

出版年：

2024

DOI：