Protective Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on Dendritic Spines of Hippocampal Neurons in Parkinson's Disease
Objective To observe the changes in dendritic spine density of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1(CA1)region of Parkinson's disease(PD)model mice,and explore the protective effect of ginkgo biloba extract(EGb)on behavioral and midbrain dopamine neuron damage in PD mice,as well as the improvement of dendritic spine density of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region,in order to reveal the pathological mechanisms of non motor symptoms such as learning and memory in PD,and provide experimental evidence for the neuroprotective effects and clinical applications of natural drugs such as EGb.Methods A total of 12 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal saline control group(NC group,n=4),1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)model group(MPTP group,n=4)and EGb+MPTP group(EGb group,n=4).PD model was established by intraperitoneal injection of MPTP.The EGb group mice were also treated with EGb on the basis of modeling.Behavioral experiments and immunohistochemical detection of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain were used to identify the model.Golgi staining was executed to observe changes in dendritic spine density of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area.Simultaneously,statistical analysis was conducted.Results On day 1,the scores of the NC group were(3.000±0)points in swimming test and(2.917±0.083)points in suspension test.The score of MPTP group was(1.375±0.226)points in swimming test and(0.958±0.361)points in suspension test.MPTP caused behavioral disorders in mice on day 1,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The scores of EGb group were(2.500±0.522)points in swimming test and(2.250±0.305)points in suspension test.Compared with MPTP group,EGb reversed the behavioral impairment,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The average optical density(AOD)of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)in MPTP group was(0.486±0.011),and that in NC group was(0.690±0.015).EGb group was(0.596±0.029).The density of dendritic spines in CA1 region was(10.850±1.488)/10 μm in MPTP group,(15.330±0.742)/10 μm in NC group,and(15.750±0.978)/10 μm in MPTP group.MPTP also caused the damage of dopamine neurons in the midbrain substantia nigra and decreased the density of dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 region,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).EGb could improve the damage of DA neurons and decrease the density of dendritic spines caused by MPTP,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion EGb has a protective effect on the behavior,midbrain dopamine neurons,and dendritic spine damage of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in MPTP model mice.
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