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突发公共卫生事件吹哨人制度的反思与本土化修正

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以SARS、新冠肺炎疫情等为代表的突发公共卫生事件中,可以看到以政府为主导的社会治理当中存在着官方专业信息的来源不足、公布程序耗时以及单一依靠政府所造成的信息滞后等问题,亟需借助公众、特别是专业人士参与的"吹哨披露"来克服这一弊端.我国目前尚未建立起突发公共卫生事件的吹哨人制度.通过分析吹哨人制度在我国突发公共卫生事件领域的建构的必要性,发现构建突发公共卫生事件的吹哨人制度不仅是实践需求,更是落实公共卫生政策和填补立法漏洞的需求.通过借鉴美国和英国的吹哨人制度的立法实践,结合我国国情,提出我国突发公共卫生事件的吹哨人制度的建构应从明确吹哨人的法律关系、保障机制、激励机制、制约机制等层面入手.
Reflection and localization correction of whistleblower system in public health emergencies
In the public health emergencies represented by SARS and COVID-19,it can be seen that govern-ment-led social governance has problems such as insufficient sources of official professional information,time-consu-ming publication procedures,and information lag caused by single reliance on the government.It is urgent to make up for these disadvantages by"whistle-blowing disclosure"involving the public,especially professionals.At pres-ent,whistle-blower system of public health emergencies has not been established in our country.Through analyzing the necessity of constructing whistle-blower system in the field of public health emergencies,it is found that the con-struction of whistle-blower system of public health emergencies is not only a practical demand,but also a demand for implementing public health policies and filling legislative loopholes.By referring to the legislative practice of whistle-blower system in the United States and Britain and combining with our national conditions,it is proposed that the construction of whistleblower system in public health emergencies should start from the aspects of clarifying the le-gal relationship,guarantee mechanism,incentive mechanism and restriction mechanism of whistleblower.

Public health emergencyWhistleblowerCollaborative governanceGovernance ability

王龙、荣振华

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西安医学院第二附属医院 西安 710038

大连医科大学人文与社会科学学院 辽宁 大连市 116044

突发公共卫生事件 吹哨人 协同治理 治理能力

四川医事卫生法治研究中心青年项目(2021)四川医事卫生法治研究中心青年项目(2023)

YF21-Q13YF23-Q18

2024

中国卫生法制
中国疾病预防控制中心

中国卫生法制

CHSSCD
影响因子:0.434
ISSN:1004-6607
年,卷(期):2024.32(1)
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