摘要
目的 了解某汽车企业喷漆工对苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯的接触情况,并对其开展职业危害风险评估.方法 2022年对该汽车企业的职业病危害因素展开现场调查和检测,并采用新加坡半定量风险评估和EPA吸入风险评估分别判定苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯的职业健康风险水平.结果 工作场所苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯的检测浓度合格率为100％.新加坡半定量评估模型结果:苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯均为低风险;EPA吸入风险评估模型结果:二甲苯对人体健康产生的危害风险高,不可接受.结论 该企业喷漆工接触二甲苯浓度虽低于职业接触限值,但仍存在较大职业健康风险,应引起关注.
Abstract
Objective To understand the exposure of paint sprayers in an automotive enterprise to benzene,toluene,xylene,and ethylbenzene,and to conduct occupational risk assessments for them.Methods Field investigation and testing of occupational hazards in an automotive enterprise were conducted in 2022.Health risks associated with exposure to ben-zene,toluene,xylene,and ethylbenzene were determined using A Semi-quantitative Method to Assess Occupational Expo-sure to Harmful Chemicals(developed by Occupational Safety and Health Division,Ministry of Manpower,Singapore,hereinafter referred to as Singapore model-based assessment)and Supplemental Guidance for Inhalation Risk Assessment(developed by the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,hereinafter referred to as EPA model-based assessment),re-spectively.Results The detected average air concentrations of workplace benzene,toluene,xylene,and ethylbenzene were all within the permissible exposure limits.The health risk associated with exposure to benzene,toluene,xylene,or ethylbenzene was assessed as low using Singapore model-based assessment,but that associated with exposure to xylene was assessed as high and impermissible.Conclusion The health risk associated with xylene exposure is high in spray painters in this enterprise although their exposure level is lower than the occupational exposure limit,which should be paid attention to.
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