母乳微生物及其对婴幼儿健康影响的研究进展
Human milk microorganisms and their influences on infant health:research progress
周叶 1陈慧娟 2赵建新 1张灏 1杨波 1陈卫1
作者信息
- 1. 江南大学食品学院,江苏无锡 214122
- 2. 无锡市妇幼保健院
- 折叠
摘要
母乳是新生儿最佳的营养来源,不仅提供丰富的营养物质,还能通过自身独特的微生物群影响新生儿肠道细菌的初始定植和机体健康.培养法和基因组测序法均揭示了母乳微生物的多样性和稳定性,除双歧杆菌和乳杆菌外,母乳中还含有多种潜在的益生菌.人乳低聚糖(human milk oligosaccharides,HMOs)是母乳中仅次于乳糖和脂类的第三丰富的营养物质.作为一种天然益生元,HMOs可以选择性地促进有益细菌的生长,从而在促进母乳喂养婴幼儿健康发育方面起着关键作用.本文总结了母乳中微生物的种类、来源、哺乳期间的变化及其与HMOs之间的关系,讨论了母乳微生物对婴幼儿健康的潜在影响,包括抑制病原体入侵肠道、促进免疫系统发育、调节婴幼儿代谢和改善早期认知发育等,以期为母乳源益生菌的开发提供理论指导.
Abstract
Breast milk is the best source of nutrition for newborns.It not only provides rich nutrients,but also affects the initial colonization of intestinal bacteria and the body health of newborns through its unique microbiota.Both culture-de-pendent and genome sequencing-dependent approaches reveal the diversity and stability of breast milk microorganisms.In addition to Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus,breast milk also contains a variety of potential probiotics.Human milk oli-gosaccharides(HMOs)are the third most abundant nutrients in breast milk following lactose and lipids.As a natural prebi-otic,HMOs can selectively promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and play a key role in promoting the healthy develop-ment of breastfed infants.This review summarizes the types,sources and changes of microorganisms in breast milk during lactation,as well as their relationship with HMOs,and discusses the potential impact of breast milk microorganisms on in-fant health,including inhibiting the invasion of pathogens into the intestine,promoting the development of the immune sys-tem,regulating infant metabolism and improving early cognitive development,in order to provide theoretical guidance for the development of probiotics from breast milk.
关键词
母乳/微生物/婴幼儿健康Key words
Breast milk/Microorganism/Infant health引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD2100700)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据