Gut bacteriome and mycobiome dysbiosis in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Objective To observe the characteristics of gut bacteriome and mycobiome in Alzheimer's disease(AD)pa-tients and their interaction with host immune response.Methods Fecal and fasting serum samples were collected from AD patients(n=39)and healthy subjects(n=39),and bacterial genomic DNA from fecal samples was extracted.MiSeq high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the gut bacteriome and mycobiome,and the levels of cytokines in serum were detected using Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 27-plex Assay.Results The diversity(Shannon index)and richness(Ob-served OTUs,Chao 1,and ACE indexes)of the gut bacterial community in AD patients significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Certain butyrate-producing bacteria such as Faecalibacterium and Roseburia significantly reduced(P＜0.05),while lactate-producing bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus significantly increased(P＜0.05).The structure of the gut mycobiome showed no significant changes(P＞0.05),but specific fungal species such as Candida xylopsoci and Candida etchellsii significantly reduced(P＜0.05),while others like Schizophyllum commune and Trametes versicolor significantly increased(P＜0.05).In the AD patients,the levels of IFN-γ,MIP-1α and MCP-1 in serum significantly decreased,while TNF-α and IP-10 significantly increased(P＜0.05).Network interaction analysis revealed a more complex interaction net-work among key functional bacteria,fungi,and inflammation markers in the gut of AD patients.Conclusion Significant changes occurred in the gut bacterial and fungal communities of AD patients,and are associated with peripheral inflammat-ory factors,which may provide new clues for exploring new mechanisms of pathogenesis and early diagnosis and treat-ment of AD.
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