Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic supplementation on anti-inflammation,anti-oxidation and pregnancy outcome in gestational diabetic rats
Objective To observe the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)and probiotic supplementation on anti-inflammation,antioxidant activity and pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)rats.Methods Fifty female SD rats and twenty-five male ones were paired in a 2∶1 ratio.After successful mating,ten female rats were randomly selected as the control group.The remaining female rats were intraperitoneally injected with STZ to es-tablish the GDM rat models,and were randomly divided into the model group,probiotic group,FMT group,and combina-tion of FMT and probiotic group.The FMT group received 10 mL/kg of fecal suspension by gavage,the probiotic group was given 359.708 mg/kg of probiotic formulation,while the combination group received both 10 mL/kg of fecal suspen-sion and 359.708 mg/kg of probiotic formulation.The model and control groups were given an equivalent volume of PBS buffer.Each treatment was administered once daily for 14 days.Afterward,serum levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG),fasting insulin(FINS),total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low-density lipoprotein(LDL),high-density lipoprotein(HDL),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and malondialdehyde(MDA)were measured.The weight of rat placenta,number of sur-vival fetuses and their weights were also recorded.Results In the model group,the weights of fetuses and placentas,and the levels of FBG,TC,TG,LDL,FINS,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in serum,as well as the relative abundances of Bacteroid-etes and Desulfovibrionaceae in intestinal flora were significantly higher,while the number of survival fetuses,serum HDL level,activities of SOD and GSH-Px,Ace index,Chao1 index,and abundances of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group andunclassified Clostridiaceae abundance in intestinal flora were significantly lower than those in the control group,respect-ively(all P＜0.05).In the FMT group,probiotic group and combination group,the weights of fetuses and placentas,and the levels of FBG,TC,TG,LDL,FINS,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in serum were significantly lower than those in the model group respectively(all P＜0.05).In the FMT group and combination group,the Ace index,Chao1 index and Bacteroidetes abundance were significantly higher than those in the model group respectively(all P＜0.05).In the probiotic group,the Ace index and Chao1 index were significantly lower than those in the control group respectively(all P＜0.05);the abund-ances of Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group were significantly higher,while that of Firmi-cutes was significantly lower than in the model group,respectively(all P＜0.05).In the FMT group,probiotic group and combination group,the numbers of survival fetuses,serum HDL levels,and activities of SOD and GSH-Px were higher than those in the model group,respectively(all P＜0.05).Conclusion FMT and probiotic supplementation can alleviate the degree of inflammation in GDM rats,improve oxidative stress damage,and modify pregnancy outcomes in rats.
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