观念如何成为武器——抗日救亡背景下的"摄影武器论"及其实践
How Concept Became a Weapon:Theory of Photography as a Weapon and Its Practice under the Background of the Anti-Japanese National Salvation
闫爱华1
作者信息
摘要
抗日救亡背景下诞生的"摄影武器论",经历了早期的"国防摄影"、沙飞个人的"摄影武器论"和《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》发表之后摄影成为战时党的文艺政策三个阶段.作为为建立"抗日民族统一战线"而提出的"国防文艺"重要组成部分的"国防摄影"口号,既延续了左翼美术运动的"武器论"传统,又显示了中日民族矛盾上升为主要矛盾的实际情况.全面抗战爆发后,沙飞从"国防摄影"的积极实践者到提出更加明确的"摄影武器论",实现了从暴露现实到宣传国难的转变.1942年,毛泽东同志《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》发表后,"摄影武器论"由个人的理论主张上升为党的文艺政策的重要组成部分.各解放区的摄影工作在中国共产党和各军区的领导下有计划、有组织地展开,形成了一支"文化的军队".由此,摄影由"观念的武器"演化成"现实的武器".
Abstract
Theory of Photography as a Weapon,put forward against the backdrop of the anti-Japanese war,has gone through three stages:the early"National Defense Photography",Sha Fei's personal"theory of photography as a weapon"and after the publication of"Talks at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art",photography became a wartime literary and art policy of the Communist Party of China.As an important component of the"National Defense Literature and Art"proposed for the establishment of the"Anti-Japanese National United Front",the slogan of"National Defense Photography"not only continued the tradition of the"Weapon Theory"of the left-wing art movement but also reflected the actual situation where the Sino-Japanese national contradiction had risen to become the primary contradiction.After the outbreak of the full-scale war of resistance,Sha Fei transitioned from being an active practitioner of"National Defense Photography"to proposing a more explicit"theory of photography as a weapon",realizing a shift from exposing reality to promoting the national crisis.In 1942,after the publication of Mao Zedong's"Talks at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art",the"theory of photography as a weapon"rose from a personal theoretical proposition to become an important component of the Party's literary and art policy.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and various military regions,photographical work in the liberated areas was carried out in a planned and organized manner,forming a"cultural army".As a result,photography evolved from a"conceptual weapon"to a"realistic weapon".
关键词
抗日救亡/国防摄影/摄影武器论/《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》Key words
Anti-Japanese and national salvation/National Defense Photography/Theory of Photography as a Weapon/"Talks at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art"引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
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