摘要
肠道中的肠道菌群及其代谢产物与宿主的相互作用,不仅在维持肠道稳态及宿主健康中扮演着重要角色,而且在应对病原体感染时也是关键环节.深入了解感染时肠道菌群及其代谢产物的变化以及在宿主抵御感染中的作用和机制,有助于指导抗感染治疗.本文重点阐述了肠道菌群及其代谢产物在宿主抵御细菌、真菌、病毒感染中的作用,揭示其可通过抵抗机制(诱导抗菌物质、训练免疫、抑制病原体呼吸、直接中和病原体、免疫调节)和耐受机制(菌群能量代谢模式的转变、细胞增殖和组织损伤修复、维持肠外器官生理信号转导、炎症调控、维持肠道屏障的完整性)等不同方式发挥抗感染作用,并归纳了调控肠道菌群抵御病原体感染的措施,以期为针对肠道菌群及其代谢产物为靶标的新型抗感染防治策略提供更多的思路.
Abstract
The interaction of gut microbiota and its metabolites with the host not only plays an important role in maintaining gut homeostasis and host health,but also is a key link in responding to pathogen infections.A thorough understanding of the changes in gut microbiota and its metabolites during infection,as well as their role and mechanism in host defense against infection,is helpful to guide anti-infection treatment.This review focuses on the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in host defense against bacterial,fungal,and viral infections,and reveals that they can exert anti-infection effects through resistance mechanisms(inducing antimicrobial substances,training immunity,inhibiting pathogen respiration,directly neutralizing pathogens,immune regulation)and tolerance mechanisms(altering energy metabolism patterns of microbiota,cell proliferation and tissue damage repair,maintaining physiological signal transduction in extraintestinal organs,inflammation regulation,maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier),and also summarizes measures to regulate gut microbiota against pathogen infections,in order to provide more ideas for novel anti-infection prevention and treatment strategies targeting gut microbiota and its metabolites.
基金项目
国家自然科学基金(82202422)
基础加强计划(2022-JCJQ-ZD-224-12)
基础加强计划(2021-JCJQ-JJ-1081)
重庆英才计划(cstc2021ycjhbgzxm0340)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据