Osteoporosis can be induced by various factors including prolonged glucocorticoid usage,diminished estrogen levels,secondary hyperparathyroidism,and alterations in the microenvironment of bone tissue.The bone metabolism imbalance(osteogenic-lipogenic imbalance)plays a crucial role in the development of osteoporosis.This imbalance is primarily driven by an increase in the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes and a decrease in their differentiation into osteoblasts,thus forming the core of the osteogenic-lipogenic imbalance observed in osteoporosis.The bone morphogenesis protein(BMP)plays a crucial role in the regulation of the osteogenic-lipid balance in osteoporosis.This regulatory function is accomplished through both the Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways.This review centers on the Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways facilitated by BMP,offering a comprehensive overview of the potential mechanisms through which BMP-2,4,6,7,and 9 contribute to the regulation of osteogenesis and lipid metabolism in osteoporosis via these pathways.In order to present novel insights for the identification of efficacious targets for clinical anti-osteoporosis medications.
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