Research Progress in Closed-loop Insulin Delivery Systems
Individuals with type 1 diabetes or advanced type 2 diabetes suffer insufficient insulin secretion,leading to symptoms of hyperglycemia.To maintain the normal blood glucose levels,those people with diabetes must administer insulin multiple times a day.However,insulin requirements are influenced by several factors such as diet,exercise,and illness,combined with the narrow therapeutic index,making accurate insulin dosage challenging.Excessive insulin administration can even pose life-threatening risks.In addition,frequent daily insulin injections place considerable physiological and psychological burdens on patients.To tackle these challenges,researchers have embarked on the development of closed-loop insulin delivery systems.These systems adjust insulin dosages in real-time changes based on the patient's blood glucose levels,therefore enhancing both the safety and effectiveness of insulin therapy.This review categorizes closed-loop insulin delivery systems into two types:electronic-based and material-based systems,based on their compositional attributes.The exploration of both types covers their components,developmental history,clinical applications,current pros and cons,and future directions.The relative strengths and limitations of these two categories of closed-loop insulin delivery systems are also compared and discussed.
drug deliveryclosed-loop therapiesinsulin delivery systemtype 1 diabetesglucose responsive
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
