Phenotypic characterization and genetic diversity analysis of 89 water-melon germplasm resources
The genetic diversity of 89 watermelon germplasm resources was studied by morphological markers,SNP high-performance liquid chip,diversity analysis,population structure analysis,cluster analysis and principal component analysis.The results showed that the Shannon diversity index of 49 phenotypic traits ranged from 0.42 to 3.00 with an average value of 2.32,among which the mean value of descriptive traits was 1.28 and the mean value of quantitative traits was 2.82.The coefficient of variation of the 33 quantitative traits ranged from 5.45％-72.59％,and the mean value was 28.00％.The highest coefficient of variation was fruit mass(72.59％),followed by the first female flower node(64.21％)and the first male flower node(58.59％).In terms of plant type,the variation coefficient of 30 d lateral branches was also large.Liquid chip sequencing yielded 60.2 Gb of raw data and 53.1 Gb of data after quality control.The number of raw_reads and clean_reads after quality control were 401.3 Mb,399.7 Mb,and 332.4 Mb of reads were compared to the reference genome,with an average comparison rate of 82.97％.The average sequencing depth was 923.7 X.Population structure analysis showed that the optimal population structure number of 89 materials was 2.Principal component analy-sis and phylogenetic tree showed that among 89 materials,the relationship between medicinal watermelon and forage watermelon was the closest,while that between cultivated watermelon and forage watermelon was the second.Long-term selection and domestication have narrowed the genetic background of watermelon.By exploring wild watermelon resources and broadening the genetic background,this study is of great significance for molecular breeding of watermelon disease resistance,stress resistance and plant type improvement.
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