摘要
为筛选出适合退砂田西瓜种植的施肥措施,采用田间大区对比试验,以金城5号西瓜为供试作物,研究了不施肥(CK)、大量元素水溶肥、大量元素水溶肥+生物菌肥、生物菌肥、沼液肥对西瓜产量、养分吸收和品质的影响.结果表明,水溶肥+生物菌肥处理下西瓜经济产量最高,为51.4 t·hm-2.水溶肥或其配施生物菌肥促进了西瓜植株、果实和地上部氮吸收,同时促进了果实和地上部钾吸收.水溶肥处理下西瓜氮肥利用率最高(31.2％),沼液肥处理下磷(15.5％)、钾(39.2％)肥利用率较高.西瓜总糖与总酸、维生素C含量之间分别呈显著和极显著正相关.施肥处理显著提高了西瓜品质,水溶肥+生物菌肥处理效果明显.因此,综合考虑西瓜的产量、养分吸收和品质,退砂田施用水溶肥或其配施生物菌肥可实现西瓜高产优质生产.
Abstract
In order to select the suitable fertilization practices in the gravel removal field,using field comparative experi-ments,the effects of no fertilizers(CK),water-soluble macronutrient fertilizer,water-soluble macronutrient fertilizer+biological bacterial manure,and biogas slurry fertilizer on yield,nutrients uptake and quality of watermelon in the grav-el removal field were studied using watermelon cultivar Jincheng No.5 as the test crop.The results showed that the eco-nomic yield of watermelon was the highest under the treatment of water-soluble macronutrient fertilizer+biological bacterial manure,which was 51.4 t·hm-2.Water-soluble macronutrient fertilizer or it combined application of biological bacterial manure improved straw,fruit,and shoot nitrogen uptake of watermelon,while also significantly increased po-tassium uptakes in fruit and shoot.Nitrogen utilizationefficiency(31.2％)was highest by application of water-soluble macronutrient fertilizer,thus phosphorus(15.5％)and potassium(39.2％)utilization efficiencies were higher in treatment biogas slurry fertilizer.There is a significant and extremely significant positive correlation between total sugar,total ac-id,and vitamin C content in watermelon,respectively.Application of fertilizers improved atermelon quality,the obvious effects were in treatments water-soluble macronutrient fertilizer+biological bacterial manure.Therefore,comprehen-sive consideration of yield,nutrients uptake and quality of watermelon,it is high yield and quality by application of wa-ter-soluble macronutrient fertilizer or it combined application of biological bacterial manure in watermelon in the gravel removal field.
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