Assisted reproductive technology(ART)holds significant promise for infertility diagnosis and treatment,endangered species preservation,rapid and efficient propagation of superior varieties.Although ART has been routinely performed and applied worldwide,it also faces some challenges,such as the suboptimal efficacy of the technique.It is demonstrated that gametes and embryos are under oxidative stress during non-physiological culture and preservation,and a growing body of evidence indicates that oxidative stress is mainly accounted for the decreased sperm capacitation as well as the compromised developmental potential in oocyte and embryos.In recent years,decreased oxidative stress level in gametes as well as improved efficiency of in embryo biotechnology has been achieved by the innovative application of nanoparticle(NPs)related technologies and schemes.In the present article,the entry mode and distribution of NPs as well as the influencing factors are systematically analyzed.Moreover,the mechanism underlying the action of NPs is discussed in depth.Finally,the current application progress of NPs in gametes,in vitro embryo production and cryopreservation is summarized,with the purpose to provide a new method and theoretical basis for improving the overall efficiency of ART.
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