Lipid droplets are not only important organelles that store neutral lipids,such as triglycerides and cholesterol esters in eukaryotic cells,but central regulators of cell metabolism and organelle quality control.They participate in the regulation of cell energy metabolism,steroid hormone synthesis,endoplasmic reticulum stress,mitochondrial function and cellular membrane structure formation.It has been demonstrated that lipid droplets are synthesized at the endoplasmic reticulum and their budding occurs towards the cytoplasm.Lipid droplets are dynamic distributed organelles,and their number,size and distribution are influenced by cellular nutrient availability and metabolic status.It is well known that mammalian oocytes contain lipid droplets,and the sufficient amount of lipid droplets in animal oocytes has been closely related to oocyte maturation and early embryonic development.More importantly,recent studies have revealed that lipid droplets play a crucial role during embryo implantation,and the maintenance of an appropriate amount of lipid droplets in oocytes with low lipid droplet content is important for early embryonic development.Therefore,this paper summarizes the synthesis and distribution of lipid droplets,analyzes the main functions of lipid droplets,focuses on the key role of lipid droplets during animal oocytes and early embryonic development,and discusses the relationship between lipid droplets content in oocytes and embryos and the duration of embryonic diapause,which will provide reference for enhancing oocyte quality and embryonic development ability by regulating lipid droplets metabolism,thereby improve animal fertility in the future.
Lipid dropletFunctionOocyte maturationEmbryonic Development
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