High-energy consumption processes in animals,such as tissue and organ functions,cell division,and different biochemical reactions inside the cell,are necessary for their growth and development.Animal growth and production are intimately linked to intestinal development and function,which has drawn increasing attention in recent times.Therefore,it is hypothesized that energy substrate availability has a substantial influence on intestine growth and function.However,present research on energy substrate demand and priority selection of animal intestinal development and function is extremely restricted.The functional properties of energy substrates,including glucose,glutamic acid,glutamine,and short-chain fatty acids,as well as the regulatory effects of various energy substrates on intestinal development and homeostasis in animals,were reviewed in this paper.Nutritional strategies and technical recommendations are also provided for enhancing intestinal development and optimizing energy supply during production.
Intestinal functionEnergy substrateNutrition regulationEnergy metabolismProliferation and differentiation
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