基因编辑是指对生物体基因组特定的DNA进行改造，使生物的性状发生定向的、可遗传的改变。基因编辑技术主要包括锌指核酸酶(Zinc Finger Nucleases，ZFNs)技术、转录激活因子样效应物核酸酶(Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases，TALENs)技术、成簇规则间隔短回文重复序列/Cas9(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR-associated Protein 9，CRISPRs/Cas9)技术。在畜禽中使用高效且精确的基因编辑技术可以提高畜禽产量、品质、抗病力等。本文从基因编辑技术的发展、原理及其在畜禽遗传育种中的应用进行综述，为基因编辑技术应用于畜禽遗传育种的研究提供参考。
Research Progress on Gene Editing Technology and Its Application in Livestock and Poultry Genetic Breeding
Gene editing technology refers to the modification of specific DNA sequences in the genome to cause targeted,heritable changes in animal traits.At present,the main gene editing technologies include zinc finger nucleases(ZFNs),transcription activator-like effector nucleases(TALENs),clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9(CRISPR/Cas9).Application of gene editing technologies with efficient and precise genome manipulation in domestic animals could improve production,quality and disease resistance traits.In this paper,we summarized the development history and principles of gene editing technologies as well as their applications in domestic animals genetic breeding thereby providing references for animal gene editing breeding.
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