全基因组关联研究(Genome-wide Association Study，GWAS)是利用全基因组范围内高密度的分子标记，以连锁不平衡为基础研究动植物复杂性状遗传机制的一种群体遗传学方法。通过GWAS挖掘影响牦牛重要性状的候选基因，探究表型与基因型间的关系，并将鉴定到的候选基因应用于其分子育种实践中，能够加快牦牛的选育效率，进而提高经济效益。本文介绍了GWAS的基本原理、研究策略及优缺点，综述了GWAS在牦牛生长发育、毛、角等性状研究中取得的研究进展，以期为今后深入解析牦牛经济性状的遗传机理以及开展牦牛分子育种实践提供参考。
Research Progress on Genome-Wide Association Study(GWAS)in Yak
Genome-wide association study(GWAS)is a population genetic method that uses genome-wide high density molecular markers to study the genetic mechanism of complex traits in animals and plants on the basis of linkage disequilibrium.Identifying candidate genes affecting important economic traits in yaks through GWAS,exploring the relationship between phenotype and genotype,and applying these candidate genes to their molecular breeding,can accelerate the selective breeding efficiency of yak breeds and improve the economic benefits.This paper introduces the fundamental principles,research approaches,advantages and disadvantages of GWAS,and summarizes the research progress obtained by using GWAS on studies of yak growth and development,wool,horn,and other traits.Then the deficiencies and future development trends are analyzed and discussed,which aims to provide a reference for using GWAS to for the further analysis the genetic mechanism of yak economic traits and the yak breeding practice in the future.
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