The different prefrontal activation in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia under eye emotion discrimination task:a near-infrared spectroscopy study
Objective To compare the differences in prefrontal activation patterns between major depressive disorder and schizophrenia during the eye basic emotion discrimination task(EBEDT).Methods Using functional near infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)technology and block design,the changes of prefrontal lobe oxyhemoglobin(Oxy-Hb)concentrations under EBEDT in 40 patients with major depressive disorder,47 patients with schizophrenia and 55 normal controls were compared.Subsequently,employing years of edu-cation as a covariate,an analysis of covariance was performed on the EBEDT behavioral results and the chan-ges in prefrontal Oxy-Hb concentrations in the three groups.The statistical software was SPSS 25.0.Results(1)The correct number of EBEDT in schizophrenia group(13.93±7.67)was significantly lower than that in major depressive disorder group(19.26±8.07)and normal control group(21.79±6.36)(both P＜0.05),and the EBEDT reaction time in schizophrenia group((3.97±1.77)s)was significantly longer than those in major depressive disorder group((3.21±1.27)s)and normal control group((2.63±0.62)s)(both P＜0.05).(2)During the EBEDT task block,the normal control group showed increased activation levels in the frontal polar region,Broca's area,anterior motor cortex and supplementary motor area(SMA)compared with the control block(t=2.02-3.18,all P＜0.05);and the schizophrenia group showed increased activation levels in the frontal eye field compared with the control block(t=2.26,P=0.03);while the major depres-sive disorder group exhibited decreased activation levels in the entire prefrontal lobe compared with the con-trol block(t=-3.47-2.34,all P＜0.05).(3)During the emotion recognition task of EBEDT,the activation levels of the frontal polar area(ch37),dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(ch31),Broca's area(ch49,ch51,ch53),and SMA(chi,ch47,ch52)were significantly different among the major depressive disorder,schizo-phrenia and normal controls(F=3.23-5.53,all P＜0.05).Further pairwise comparisons showed that the ac-tivation levels in all the above pathways were lower in the major depressive disorder group than those in the normal control group,and the activation levels in Broca's area(ch53)and SMA area(ch52)were lower in the schizophrenia group than those in the normal control group,while the activation levels in the frontal polar area(ch37)and Broca's area(ch49)were lower in the major depressive disorder group than those in the schizophrenia group(all P＜0.05).Conclusions In EBEDT,the activation patterns of the prefrontal cortex are different between patients with major depressive disorder and patients with schizophrenia.Patients with major depressive disorder have a decrease in prefrontal cortex activation,while patients with schizophrenia have an increase in the frontal eye field activation.The activation levels in prefrontal cortex of both patients group are lower than that of normal controls.Meanwhile,the prefrontal cortex activation level of patients with major depressive disorder is lower than that of patients with schizophrenia.
Major depressive disorderSchizophreniaFunctional near infrared spectroscopySocial cognitive functionEmotion recognitionEye basic emotion discrimination task
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