摘要
目的 开发大学生主动性攻击问卷(college students'proactive aggression questionnaire,CPAQ)并对其信效度进行检验.方法 2023年3月至2024年4月,抽取1 552名大学生(样本1:618人;样本2:783人;样本3:151人,间隔6个月后进行重测;样本4:49人:从样本3中随机抽取)开展问卷调查,采用SPSS 24.0和Mplus 8.3,通过项目分析、探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析、内部一致性信度、重测信度、相容效度、区分效度和实证效度检验信度和效度.结果 项目分析结果显示CPAQ中的33个条目与主动性攻击总分呈正相关(r=0.25～0.78,P＜0.05),各条目在高低分组间的得分均差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.001).探索性因素分析保留了28个条目,分别归属主动性攻击的3个维度(工具性动机、道德抑制、道德推脱),验证性因素分析结果显示该问卷的三维度模型拟合良好(x2/df=3.25,CFI=0.96,TLI=0.95,RMSEA=0.05,SRMR=0.06).CPAQ 总分及其分维度的Cronbach's α 系数分别为 0.93、0.95、0.89 和 0.75,重测信度分别为 0.64、0.63、0.67 和 0.60(均 P＜0.01).相容效度检验中,工具性动机维度与反应性-主动性攻击问卷的主动性攻击维度得分呈正相关(r=0.50,P＜0.05)、道德抑制维度与共情、内疚得分呈负相关(r=-0.30,-0.39,P＜0.05),道德推脱维度与道德推脱量表得分呈正相关(r=0.58,P＜0.05).区分效度检验中,CPAQ得分与反应性-主动性攻击问卷的反应性攻击维度得分相关性不显著(r=0.08,P=0.16).效标关联效度检验中,CPAQ得分与各个效标问卷得分的相关系数为0.70～0.83.实证效度检验中,主动性攻击行为在不同CPAQ得分组间差异有统计学意义[高分组:(1.16±0.18)分,低分组:(1.04±0.08)分,t=2.60,P＜0.05].结论 CPAQ具有良好的区分度、信度和效度,可以作为测量大学生群体主动性攻击行为的工具.
Abstract
Objective To develop college students'proactive aggression questionnaire(CPAQ)and test its reliability and validity.Methods From March 2023 to April 2024,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 552 college students(618 individuals in Sample 1,783 individuals in Sample 2,151 indi-viduals in Sample 3(retested after a 6-month interval),and 49 individuals in Sample 4(randomly selected from Sample 3)).The reliability and validity of CPAQ were assessed using SPSS 24.0 and Mplus 8.3 soft-ware through item analysis,exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis,internal consistency relia-bility,test-retest reliability,compatibility validity,discriminant validity,and empirical validity.Results The results of the project analysis showed that the 33 items in the CPAQ were significantly correlated with the to-tal score(r=0.25-0.78,P＜0.05),and item scores between the high and low group were significantly differ-ent(all P＜0.001).Exploratory factor analysis retained 28 items,which belonged to three dimensions of pro-active aggression(instrumental motivation,moral inhibition,and moral disengagement).The results of con-firmatory factor analysis showed that the three-dimensional model of the questionnaire was well fitted(x2/df=3.25,CFI=0.96,TLI=0.95,RMSEA=0.05,SRMR=0.06).The Cronbach's α coefficients for the total score of CPAQ and its sub dimensions were 0.93,0.95,0.89 and 0.75,respectively(all P＜0.05).The test-retest reliability was 0.64,0.63,0.67 and 0.60,respectively(all P＜0.01).In the compatibility va-lidity test,the instrumental motivation dimension score was positively correlated with the proactive aggression dimension score of reactive-proactive aggression questionnaire(RPQ)(r=0.50,P＜0.05),while moral inhi-bition dimension was negatively correlated with empathy and guilt scores(r=-0.30,-0.39,P＜0.05).The dimension of moral disengagement was positively correlated with the score of the moral disengagement scale(r=0.58,P＜0.05).In the discriminant validity test,the correlation of CAPQ and RPQ reactive aggression dimension score was not significant(r=0.08,P=0.16).In the criterion related validity test,the correlation coefficients between the score of CAPQ and each calibration questionnaire and scale were 0.70-0.83.In the empirical validity test,there was a significant difference in the different CPAQ score groups for proactive ag-gressive behavior(high group:(1.16±0.18),low group:(1.04±0.08),t=2.60,P＜0.05).Conclusion CPAQ has good discrimination,reliability,and validity,which could be used as a tool to meas-ure proactive aggressive behavior among college students.
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